PSYC 1010 Module 2 Review Questions and Correct Answers

Three roadblocks to critical thinking hindsight bias, overconfidence, perceiving patterns in random events This _______ ______ (also known as the i-knew-it-all-along phenomenon) is easy to demonstrate by giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding, and giving the other half an opposite result hindsight bias An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. theory A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. hypothesis We can test our hypothesis and refine our theories using; descriptive, correlations and experimental methods A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. operational definitions Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced. replication A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. case study A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. naturalistic oberservation A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. survey A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. random sampling All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. (note: except for national studies, this does not refer to a country's whole population.) population