COMMUNICATION: PRINCIPLES OF A LIFETIME, 5TH EDITION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 Define Communication - ANSWER The process of acting on information Why is Communication an important course of study - ANSWER (a) Obtain a good job --(b) enhance the quality of your relationships --(c) improve your physical and emotional health Describe three criteria that can be used to determine whether communication is competent - ANSWER a) The message should be understood as the communicator intended it to be understood. --b) The message should achieve the communicator's intended effect. --c) The message should be ethical. Compare and contrast communication as action, interaction, and transaction - ANSWER a) Action: linear model - I speak you listen or you speak I listen --b) Interaction - sequence of actions and reactions - you speak I respond then I speak you respond. --c) Transaction - simultaneously interactive - meaning is created based on mutual, concurrent sharing of ideas and feelings Identify five characteristics of communication - ANSWER a) Inescapable --b) irreversible --c) complicated --
d) emphasized content and relationships --e) governed by rules What are the five fundamental principles of communication - ANSWER i) Be aware of your communication with yourself and others. --ii) Effectively use and interpret verbal messages. --iii) Effectively use and interpret non -verbal messages. --iv) Listen and resp ond thoughtfully o others. --v) Appropriately adapt messages to others Define and describe communication in interpersonal, group, and presentational communi -cation contexts - ANSWER a) Interpersonal communication occurs simultaneously between two people who attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships. --b) group communication is a collection of people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group and influence one another. --c) presentational communication occurs when a speaker addresses a gathering of people to in form, persuade or entertain Why is self -awareness important for improving one's communication skills? - ANSWER The better we understand the complex, multilayered nature of the self, the more aware we will become of our own being; and this awareness is critical in becoming an effectiv e communicator Define attitudes, beliefs, and values as they relate to self -concept development - ANSWER a) Attitudes are learned predispositions to respond to a person, object or idea in a favorable or un -favorable way. Likes & dislikes / superficial - most likely to ch ange. --b) Beliefs are the way in which you structure your understanding of reality. True & false. --c) Values are an enduring concept of good and bad or right and wrong. This is the core of a person - least likely to change Describe the four factors and four characteristics of identity that affect the development of self -concept - ANSWER a) Multidimensional & changing: Identity changes due to circumstances and relationships --b) Involves responsiveness to others: Other people help create and evolve your identity. --c) It develops through past and present relationships: Your family background and rela -tionships in the past along with your current relationships help create your identity --d) It is avowed and ascribed: It is how you see yourself and how others see you. Describe how gender, social comparisons, self -expectations, and self -fulfilling prophecies affect one's self-esteem - ANSWER a) Gender: male or female - affects your self esteem by cultural expectations and how you are raised. Females tend to have lower se lf esteem than males. --b) Social comparisons - when you compare yourself to others you may see yourself as better or worse than they are --c) Self -fulfilling prophecies - if you believe something about yourself is going to happen in the future, it probably will because you believe it to be true Explain the three stages of perception - ANSWER a) Attention and Selection: Attention is the acting of perceiving stimuli in your environment; Selection is the act of choosing specific stimuli in your environment to focus on --b) Organization and Closure: O rganization is converting information into convenient, understandable and efficient patterns that allow us to make sense of what we have observed; Closure is the process of filling in missing information --c) Interpretation: Attach that meaning to the situa tion Describe the relationship between words (symbols) and meanings - ANSWER The meaning of a word is a person's interpretation of that word/symbol - it is how the person makes sense of the word/symbol. The meaning doesn't reside in the word/symbol, but in the way communicators use the word/symbol and how they are interpreted by the receiver Explain denotative, connotative, concrete, and abstract meanings people develop for words - ANSWER a) Denotative - Restrictive or literal --b) Connotative - Personal and subjective --c) Concrete - Can be perceived with the senses --d) Abstract - Cannot be perc eived with the senses Describe how words are both culture bound and context bound - ANSWER a) Culture bound words can mean different things in different cultures - For example "Yankee" (a baseball player or someone from the north) --b) Context bound words can mean different thin gs in different contexts - For example "Freedom" (patriotic or a break in a relationship) Identify five primary ways in which words have power - ANSWER a) Create and label experience - new experiences lead to new words "global weirding" --b) Affect thoughts and actions - words influence how we think - "product labeling" --c) Communicate feelings - think of how many words we have for sadness --
d) Shape and Reflect Culture - as cultures change so does language "slang" --e) Make and Break Relationships - you can say the wrong thing or the right thing Describe the major ways in which languages reveals bias about race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age, class, and ability - ANSWER a) Race, Ethnicity, Nationality and Religion: using adjectives that describe that group in a negative light and automatically as -suming everyone in that group reflects that stereotype. --b) Gender - Using the all -encompassing male pronouns to describe someone --c) Sexual orientation - Using heterosexual terms assumes homosexuality is not normal or doesn't exist --d) Age - calling attention to a person's age and applying stereotypes to that age group --e) Class - Glorifying or condescending to people based on their socioeconomic status --f) Ability - By drawing attention to a person's physical, mental o r learning ability Explain how language helps create supportive or defensive communication climate - ANSWER a) Supportive Communication - Language that creates a climate of trust, caring and acceptance --b) Defensive Communication - Language that creates a climate of hostilit y and mistrust Provide four reasons for studying nonverbal communication - ANSWER a) It is how we communicate our feelings and attitudes --b) It is more believable than verbal messages --c) It is critical in starting, maintain or ending relationships --d) It is used to subs titute for, compliment, contradict, repeat, regulate and accent verbal messages Describe the six ways in which nonverbal communication functions with verbal communication - ANSWER a) Substitutes for verbal messages (putting your finger to your mouth to shush someone) --b) Compliments verbal messages (waving while saying hello) --c) Cont radicts verbal messages (crossing arms and scowling while saying nothing is wrong) --d) Repeats verbal messages (pointing at the car while
d) emphasized content and relationships --e) governed by rules What are the five fundamental principles of communication - ANSWER i) Be aware of your communication with yourself and others. --ii) Effectively use and interpret verbal messages. --iii) Effectively use and interpret non -verbal messages. --iv) Listen and resp ond thoughtfully o others. --v) Appropriately adapt messages to others Define and describe communication in interpersonal, group, and presentational communi -cation contexts - ANSWER a) Interpersonal communication occurs simultaneously between two people who attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships. --b) group communication is a collection of people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group and influence one another. --c) presentational communication occurs when a speaker addresses a gathering of people to in form, persuade or entertain Why is self -awareness important for improving one's communication skills? - ANSWER The better we understand the complex, multilayered nature of the self, the more aware we will become of our own being; and this awareness is critical in becoming an effectiv e communicator Define attitudes, beliefs, and values as they relate to self -concept development - ANSWER a) Attitudes are learned predispositions to respond to a person, object or idea in a favorable or un -favorable way. Likes & dislikes / superficial - most likely to ch ange. --b) Beliefs are the way in which you structure your understanding of reality. True & false. --c) Values are an enduring concept of good and bad or right and wrong. This is the core of a person - least likely to change Describe the four factors and four characteristics of identity that affect the development of self -concept - ANSWER a) Multidimensional & changing: Identity changes due to circumstances and relationships --b) Involves responsiveness to others: Other people help create and evolve your identity. --c) It develops through past and present relationships: Your family background and rela -tionships in the past along with your current relationships help create your identity --d) It is avowed and ascribed: It is how you see yourself and how others see you. Describe how gender, social comparisons, self -expectations, and self -fulfilling prophecies affect one's self-esteem - ANSWER a) Gender: male or female - affects your self esteem by cultural expectations and how you are raised. Females tend to have lower se lf esteem than males. --b) Social comparisons - when you compare yourself to others you may see yourself as better or worse than they are --c) Self -fulfilling prophecies - if you believe something about yourself is going to happen in the future, it probably will because you believe it to be true Explain the three stages of perception - ANSWER a) Attention and Selection: Attention is the acting of perceiving stimuli in your environment; Selection is the act of choosing specific stimuli in your environment to focus on --b) Organization and Closure: O rganization is converting information into convenient, understandable and efficient patterns that allow us to make sense of what we have observed; Closure is the process of filling in missing information --c) Interpretation: Attach that meaning to the situa tion Describe the relationship between words (symbols) and meanings - ANSWER The meaning of a word is a person's interpretation of that word/symbol - it is how the person makes sense of the word/symbol. The meaning doesn't reside in the word/symbol, but in the way communicators use the word/symbol and how they are interpreted by the receiver Explain denotative, connotative, concrete, and abstract meanings people develop for words - ANSWER a) Denotative - Restrictive or literal --b) Connotative - Personal and subjective --c) Concrete - Can be perceived with the senses --d) Abstract - Cannot be perc eived with the senses Describe how words are both culture bound and context bound - ANSWER a) Culture bound words can mean different things in different cultures - For example "Yankee" (a baseball player or someone from the north) --b) Context bound words can mean different thin gs in different contexts - For example "Freedom" (patriotic or a break in a relationship) Identify five primary ways in which words have power - ANSWER a) Create and label experience - new experiences lead to new words "global weirding" --b) Affect thoughts and actions - words influence how we think - "product labeling" --c) Communicate feelings - think of how many words we have for sadness --
d) Shape and Reflect Culture - as cultures change so does language "slang" --e) Make and Break Relationships - you can say the wrong thing or the right thing Describe the major ways in which languages reveals bias about race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age, class, and ability - ANSWER a) Race, Ethnicity, Nationality and Religion: using adjectives that describe that group in a negative light and automatically as -suming everyone in that group reflects that stereotype. --b) Gender - Using the all -encompassing male pronouns to describe someone --c) Sexual orientation - Using heterosexual terms assumes homosexuality is not normal or doesn't exist --d) Age - calling attention to a person's age and applying stereotypes to that age group --e) Class - Glorifying or condescending to people based on their socioeconomic status --f) Ability - By drawing attention to a person's physical, mental o r learning ability Explain how language helps create supportive or defensive communication climate - ANSWER a) Supportive Communication - Language that creates a climate of trust, caring and acceptance --b) Defensive Communication - Language that creates a climate of hostilit y and mistrust Provide four reasons for studying nonverbal communication - ANSWER a) It is how we communicate our feelings and attitudes --b) It is more believable than verbal messages --c) It is critical in starting, maintain or ending relationships --d) It is used to subs titute for, compliment, contradict, repeat, regulate and accent verbal messages Describe the six ways in which nonverbal communication functions with verbal communication - ANSWER a) Substitutes for verbal messages (putting your finger to your mouth to shush someone) --b) Compliments verbal messages (waving while saying hello) --c) Cont radicts verbal messages (crossing arms and scowling while saying nothing is wrong) --d) Repeats verbal messages (pointing at the car while
