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Samenvatting Campbell and Reece: H23

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Samenvatting van H23 uit het boek Campbell and Reece: biology. Handig voor het vak evolutie en biodiversiteit!

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HOOFDSTUK 23: MICROEVOLUTION

Micro evolutie​: de verandering in allelfrequenties in een populatie over meerdere
generaties

Er zijn 3 methoden om de allelfrequentie te veranderen:
1. Natuurlijke selectie
2. Genetic drift
3. Gene flow




Concept 23.1

Mutatie​: een verandering in de nucleotidenvolgorde van het DNA van een organisme
Neutrale variatie​: veranderingen in de DNA volgorde die geen selectief voordeel of nadeel
verlenen




Concept 23.2

Populatie​: een groep individuen van dezelfde soort die in hetzelfde gebied leven en kunnen
kruisen, en vruchtbare nakomelingen kunnen produceren
Gene pool:​ alle kopieën van elk type allel op elke locus in elk lid van de populatie
Gefixeerd allel​: als er maar 1 allel bestaat voor een bepaalde locus in een populatie

Hardy-Weinberg evenwicht​: als een populatie niet evolueert: allel en genotype frequenties
blijven constant van generatie op generatie

p​2​ + 2pq + q​2​ = 1

Er is sprake van een Hardy Weinberg evenwicht (geen evolutie) als:
● Geen mutaties
● Random mating (geen seksuele selectie)
● Geen gene flow
● Geen genetic drift
● Geen selectie van allelen




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