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Samenvatting Campbell and Reece: H13

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Samenvatting van H13 uit het boek Campbell and Reece: biology. Handig voor deeltoets 2 van het vak moleculaire biologie!

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H13
Uploaded on
October 3, 2019
Number of pages
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Written in
2018/2019
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HOOFDSTUK 13: SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES AND MEIOSIS

Concept 13.1

Overerving
Genen​: eenheden van erfelijkheid, bestaan uit segmenten DNA
Genen worden doorgegeven naar de volgende generatie via gameten

Mensen hebben in
Somatische cellen​: 46 chromosomen
Gameten:​ 23 chromosomen

Locus​: locatie van een bepaald gen op een chromosoom



Reproductie
Asexuele reproductie​: individu geeft al zijn genen door aan een nakomeling zonder fusie van
gameten
Kloon​: groep van genetisch identieke individuen

Sexuele reproducti​e: 2 ouders hebben nakomelingen waarbij een unieke combinatie van
genen wordt geërfd van de ouders




1

, Concept 13.2

Karyotype​: afbeelding rangschikking chromosomen op grootte
Mensen hebben 23 paar chromosomen (46 totaal)
● 1-22 autosomen
● X, Y seks chromosomen




Homologe chromosomen​: zelfde lengte en zelfde genen

Gameet:
● Enkele set chromosomen (23): haploide cel (n)
● Eicel: X
● Spermacel: X of Y

Bevruchting:
● Fusie van gameten
● Bevruchte eicel: zygote: diploide cel (2n)

Zygote ontwikkelt door mitose tot adult:
● Door ​meiose​ weer gameten
● Gameten worden in gonaden gevormd door geslachtscellen




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