PHARM CH 11 ANESTHETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

PHARM CH 11 ANESTHETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 The nurse anesthetist is planning to use balanced anesthesia during a surgical procedure. A characteristic of this type of anesthesia is the A administration of minimal doses of multiple anesthetic drugs. B administration of inhaled anesthetics. C IV administration of anesthetics. D administration of anesthetics to cause muscle relaxation. - ANSWER Correct answer: A Rationale: The use of a combination of drugs allows less of each drug to be used and a more balanced, controlled state of anesthesia to be achieved. When assessing a patient under general anesthesia, which change to organ systems does the nurse expect? a Nystagmus b Skeletal muscle constriction c Hypertension d Decreased intracranial pressure - ANSWER Correct answer: A Rationale: Nystagmus can occur as a result of the use of general anesthesia. Other findings include skeletal muscle relaxation, hypotension, and increased intracranial pressure. During surgery, the anesthetist notes that the patient's heart rate is gradually increasing and becoming more irregular, the patient's blood pressure is becoming unstable, and the patient is starting to sweat profusely. What other assessment should the ane sthetist note immediately? a Pupillary reactions b Respiratory effort c Temperature d Urinary output - ANSWER Correct answer: C Rationale: These are indications of malignant hyperthermia, which can progress rapidly. Which statement regarding conscious sedation does the nurse identify as being accurate? a The intravenous route of drug administration is commonly used in pediatric patients to provide conscious sedation. b Mild amnesia is a common effect of midazolam. c Patients receiving conscious sedation must be intubated with an endotracheal tube. d Effects of propofol include relief of anxiety and pain. - ANSWER Correct answer: B Rationale: Midazolam allows the patient to relax and have markedly reduced or no anxiety, yet still maintain his or her open airway and response to verbal commands while producing mild amnesia. The oral route of drug administration for conscious sedation is preferred for pediatric patients; patients receiving conscious sedation are able to maintain their own airway. Propofol will relieve anxiety; however, pain medications must be used along with propofol therapy for situations that can cause a pain response. When teaching a patient about spinal headaches, which statement will the nurse include? a Spinal headaches can be prevented with bed rest after the epidural procedure. b Patients who have a spinal headache should have very limited fluid intake. c A graft of skin from the patient's hand can be used to seal the leaking area causing the headache. d High Fowler's positioning should be used for patients who have a spinal headache. - ANSWER Correct answer: A