Strategisch management
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding (les) ............................................................................................................................. 7
Enkele principes van algemeen management .................................................................................................... 7
Management ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Images of organization .................................................................................................................................. 8
Enkele basisstellingen .................................................................................................................................... 8
Systeembenadering van organisaties ................................................................................................................. 9
Principes van militaire strategie ....................................................................................................................... 10
Creëren van waarde.......................................................................................................................................... 11
Strategie ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding (handboek) ................................................................................................................ 12
Strategie dimensies: content, proces en context .............................................................................................. 12
Hoofdstuk 2: strategizing .............................................................................................................................. 13
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Het probleem van strategisch redeneren ......................................................................................................... 13
Cognitieve activiteiten ................................................................................................................................. 14
Cognitieve vaardigheden ............................................................................................................................. 14
Cognitieve mappen ...................................................................................................................................... 15
De paradox van logica en intuïtie ..................................................................................................................... 17
Nood aan logica ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Nood aan intuïtie ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Perspectieven op strategie ............................................................................................................................... 18
Analytisch redeneringsperspectief .............................................................................................................. 18
Holistisch redeneringsproces ....................................................................................................................... 18
Managing de paradox van logica en intuïtie .................................................................................................... 19
Navigating .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Parallel processing ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Embracing .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Strategisch denken in een internationaal perspectief ...................................................................................... 19
Maatschappelijk niveau ............................................................................................................................... 19
Industrie niveau ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Strateeg........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Hoofdstuk 3: missioning and visioning .......................................................................................................... 21
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Corporate mission elements ............................................................................................................................. 22
Missies in Belgische ondernemingen ........................................................................................................... 22
Vraagstelling bij missie-ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................... 23
Elementen van een strategische visie ............................................................................................................... 23
Functie van bedrijfsvisie en missie .................................................................................................................... 23
Corporate governance ...................................................................................................................................... 24
1
, Corporate governance in België .................................................................................................................. 24
Two-tier vs one-tier board structure ........................................................................................................... 25
Sustainability/CSR/MVO .............................................................................................................................. 25
Paradox: profitabiltity and responsibility ......................................................................................................... 26
Perspectieven op ondernemingen ............................................................................................................... 27
Perspectieven op missie en visie ................................................................................................................. 27
Managing the paradox of profitability and responsibility ................................................................................ 27
Parallel processing ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Balancing...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Resolving the paradox ................................................................................................................................. 28
Strategy content ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 4: business level strategy ............................................................................................................. 30
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 30
Voorbeschouwingen ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Het managen van het spanningsveld ........................................................................................................... 31
Waardecreatie versus waardeverdeling ...................................................................................................... 32
Gericht op onderscheidend vermogen ........................................................................................................ 32
Focus op de creatie van financiële waarde .................................................................................................. 33
Essentie van het hoofstuk ................................................................................................................................. 33
Concurrentieel voordeel .................................................................................................................................... 34
Het concept concurrentiestrategie .............................................................................................................. 34
Concurrentievoordeel voorwaarden ........................................................................................................... 35
Het business systeem als basis .................................................................................................................... 35
The issue of competitive advantage ................................................................................................................. 36
Product offering ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Value chain .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Resource base .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Sustaining competitive advantage ............................................................................................................... 40
The paradox of markets and resources............................................................................................................. 41
Perspectieven op business level strategie ......................................................................................................... 41
Managing the paradox of markets and resources ............................................................................................ 42
Parallel processing ....................................................................................................................................... 42
Juxtaposing .................................................................................................................................................. 42
Business level strategy in international perspective ......................................................................................... 42
Nabeschouwingen ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Naar synthese .............................................................................................................................................. 42
Operationele efficiëntie versus business strategie ...................................................................................... 43
Een typologie van concurrentiestrategie ..................................................................................................... 44
Een holistische kijk ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Mainstream assumption geproblematiseerd .............................................................................................. 47
Hoofdstuk 5: corporate level strategy ........................................................................................................... 48
Corporate configuration ................................................................................................................................... 49
Corporate strategy: oorsprong en belang.................................................................................................... 49
De zoektoch naar synergie en meerwaarde ................................................................................................ 51
Synergieën ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
Synergie tussen SBU’s .................................................................................................................................. 52
Meerwaarde door de rol van de corporate parent...................................................................................... 53
2
, Meerwaarde door betere afstemming op de inputmarkten ....................................................................... 53
The issue of corporate configuration ................................................................................................................ 53
Corporate composition ................................................................................................................................ 53
Portfoliomanagement anders bekeken ....................................................................................................... 56
Portfoliomanagement: voorwaarden: ......................................................................................................... 57
Corporate management .............................................................................................................................. 57
Corporate strategy: de paradox van responsiveness en synergie ..................................................................... 59
Perspectives on corporate level strategy .......................................................................................................... 59
Corporate level strategy in international perspective ...................................................................................... 59
Nabeschouwingen ............................................................................................................................................ 60
De taak van het corporate level ................................................................................................................... 60
Transaction costs economics ....................................................................................................................... 60
Belang van groei .......................................................................................................................................... 61
Zie ook H8 .................................................................................................................................................... 61
Hoofstuk 6: network level strategy ............................................................................................................... 62
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 62
Bain’s experience in JV and alliances ................................................................................................................ 62
Kenmerken van allianties.................................................................................................................................. 62
Verklaring van netwerkstrategie ...................................................................................................................... 63
Wat is een netwerk ........................................................................................................................................... 63
The issue of inter-organizational relationships ................................................................................................. 64
Relationele spelers....................................................................................................................................... 64
Relationele doelen ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Relationele factoren .................................................................................................................................... 66
Relationele overeenkomsten ....................................................................................................................... 67
The paradox of competition and cooperation .................................................................................................. 68
Perspectives on network level strategy ............................................................................................................ 68
Netwerk en concurrentievoordeel .................................................................................................................... 69
Illegale netwerking: kartels ........................................................................................................................... 69
Concurrentieverminderende strategieën .......................................................................................................... 69
Europese commissie: mededingingsbeleid ....................................................................................................... 69
Artikel 101 TFEU ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Artikel 102 TFEU ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Concurrentiebeleid............................................................................................................................................ 70
Fusies en overnames..................................................................................................................................... 70
Fusies en overnames: motieven ........................................................................................................................ 70
Bronnen van synergie ....................................................................................................................................... 71
Problemen bij fusies en overnames .................................................................................................................. 71
Het overnameproces......................................................................................................................................... 71
Defensieve strategieën tegen overnames......................................................................................................... 71
Loral’s aanpak voor overnames ........................................................................................................................ 72
3
, Aandachtspunten in M&A-strategie ................................................................................................................. 72
Strategy process ........................................................................................................................................... 73
Hoofdstuk 7: strategy formation ................................................................................................................... 73
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 73
The issue of realized strategy ........................................................................................................................... 73
Strategy formation activities........................................................................................................................ 74
Strategy formation roles .............................................................................................................................. 75
Business planning vs strategische planning...................................................................................................... 76
Business planning ........................................................................................................................................ 76
Strategisch plan ........................................................................................................................................... 76
The paradox: deliberateness and emergence ................................................................................................... 80
Deliberate strategizing ................................................................................................................................. 80
Strategy emergence ..................................................................................................................................... 80
Perspectives on strategy formation .................................................................................................................. 81
Scenarioplanning .............................................................................................................................................. 81
Categorieën van onzekerheid ...................................................................................................................... 82
Inbrengen van zekerheid ............................................................................................................................. 82
Scenarioplanning: ........................................................................................................................................ 82
Hoofdstuk 8: strategic change ....................................................................................................................... 84
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 84
Strategic change in de literatuur ...................................................................................................................... 84
The issue of strategic alignment ....................................................................................................................... 85
Areas of strategic alignment ........................................................................................................................ 86
Magnitude of change ................................................................................................................................... 89
Pace of change ............................................................................................................................................. 90
The paradox of revolution and evolution .......................................................................................................... 90
Strategic change in international perspective .................................................................................................. 91
Nabeschouwingen ............................................................................................................................................ 91
De basisassumptie van strategic change ..................................................................................................... 92
Eigenheid van complexe systemen .............................................................................................................. 94
Hoofdstuk 9: strategic innovation ................................................................................................................. 95
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 95
Voorbeschouwingen ......................................................................................................................................... 95
Technologische innovatie ............................................................................................................................ 96
The issue of strategic renewal .......................................................................................................................... 97
Characteristics of strategic innovation ........................................................................................................ 97
Inhibitors of strategic innovation................................................................................................................. 98
Business model renewal .............................................................................................................................. 98
The paradox of exploitation and exploration ................................................................................................... 99
Perspectives on strategy innovation ................................................................................................................. 99
Strategic improvement ................................................................................................................................ 99
Radical rejuvenation .................................................................................................................................... 99
Managing the paradox of exploitation and exploration................................................................................... 99
Ambidexterity .............................................................................................................................................. 99
4
Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding (les) ............................................................................................................................. 7
Enkele principes van algemeen management .................................................................................................... 7
Management ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Images of organization .................................................................................................................................. 8
Enkele basisstellingen .................................................................................................................................... 8
Systeembenadering van organisaties ................................................................................................................. 9
Principes van militaire strategie ....................................................................................................................... 10
Creëren van waarde.......................................................................................................................................... 11
Strategie ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding (handboek) ................................................................................................................ 12
Strategie dimensies: content, proces en context .............................................................................................. 12
Hoofdstuk 2: strategizing .............................................................................................................................. 13
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Het probleem van strategisch redeneren ......................................................................................................... 13
Cognitieve activiteiten ................................................................................................................................. 14
Cognitieve vaardigheden ............................................................................................................................. 14
Cognitieve mappen ...................................................................................................................................... 15
De paradox van logica en intuïtie ..................................................................................................................... 17
Nood aan logica ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Nood aan intuïtie ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Perspectieven op strategie ............................................................................................................................... 18
Analytisch redeneringsperspectief .............................................................................................................. 18
Holistisch redeneringsproces ....................................................................................................................... 18
Managing de paradox van logica en intuïtie .................................................................................................... 19
Navigating .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Parallel processing ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Embracing .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Strategisch denken in een internationaal perspectief ...................................................................................... 19
Maatschappelijk niveau ............................................................................................................................... 19
Industrie niveau ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Strateeg........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Hoofdstuk 3: missioning and visioning .......................................................................................................... 21
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 21
Corporate mission elements ............................................................................................................................. 22
Missies in Belgische ondernemingen ........................................................................................................... 22
Vraagstelling bij missie-ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................... 23
Elementen van een strategische visie ............................................................................................................... 23
Functie van bedrijfsvisie en missie .................................................................................................................... 23
Corporate governance ...................................................................................................................................... 24
1
, Corporate governance in België .................................................................................................................. 24
Two-tier vs one-tier board structure ........................................................................................................... 25
Sustainability/CSR/MVO .............................................................................................................................. 25
Paradox: profitabiltity and responsibility ......................................................................................................... 26
Perspectieven op ondernemingen ............................................................................................................... 27
Perspectieven op missie en visie ................................................................................................................. 27
Managing the paradox of profitability and responsibility ................................................................................ 27
Parallel processing ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Balancing...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Resolving the paradox ................................................................................................................................. 28
Strategy content ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 4: business level strategy ............................................................................................................. 30
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 30
Voorbeschouwingen ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Het managen van het spanningsveld ........................................................................................................... 31
Waardecreatie versus waardeverdeling ...................................................................................................... 32
Gericht op onderscheidend vermogen ........................................................................................................ 32
Focus op de creatie van financiële waarde .................................................................................................. 33
Essentie van het hoofstuk ................................................................................................................................. 33
Concurrentieel voordeel .................................................................................................................................... 34
Het concept concurrentiestrategie .............................................................................................................. 34
Concurrentievoordeel voorwaarden ........................................................................................................... 35
Het business systeem als basis .................................................................................................................... 35
The issue of competitive advantage ................................................................................................................. 36
Product offering ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Value chain .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Resource base .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Sustaining competitive advantage ............................................................................................................... 40
The paradox of markets and resources............................................................................................................. 41
Perspectieven op business level strategie ......................................................................................................... 41
Managing the paradox of markets and resources ............................................................................................ 42
Parallel processing ....................................................................................................................................... 42
Juxtaposing .................................................................................................................................................. 42
Business level strategy in international perspective ......................................................................................... 42
Nabeschouwingen ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Naar synthese .............................................................................................................................................. 42
Operationele efficiëntie versus business strategie ...................................................................................... 43
Een typologie van concurrentiestrategie ..................................................................................................... 44
Een holistische kijk ....................................................................................................................................... 46
Mainstream assumption geproblematiseerd .............................................................................................. 47
Hoofdstuk 5: corporate level strategy ........................................................................................................... 48
Corporate configuration ................................................................................................................................... 49
Corporate strategy: oorsprong en belang.................................................................................................... 49
De zoektoch naar synergie en meerwaarde ................................................................................................ 51
Synergieën ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
Synergie tussen SBU’s .................................................................................................................................. 52
Meerwaarde door de rol van de corporate parent...................................................................................... 53
2
, Meerwaarde door betere afstemming op de inputmarkten ....................................................................... 53
The issue of corporate configuration ................................................................................................................ 53
Corporate composition ................................................................................................................................ 53
Portfoliomanagement anders bekeken ....................................................................................................... 56
Portfoliomanagement: voorwaarden: ......................................................................................................... 57
Corporate management .............................................................................................................................. 57
Corporate strategy: de paradox van responsiveness en synergie ..................................................................... 59
Perspectives on corporate level strategy .......................................................................................................... 59
Corporate level strategy in international perspective ...................................................................................... 59
Nabeschouwingen ............................................................................................................................................ 60
De taak van het corporate level ................................................................................................................... 60
Transaction costs economics ....................................................................................................................... 60
Belang van groei .......................................................................................................................................... 61
Zie ook H8 .................................................................................................................................................... 61
Hoofstuk 6: network level strategy ............................................................................................................... 62
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 62
Bain’s experience in JV and alliances ................................................................................................................ 62
Kenmerken van allianties.................................................................................................................................. 62
Verklaring van netwerkstrategie ...................................................................................................................... 63
Wat is een netwerk ........................................................................................................................................... 63
The issue of inter-organizational relationships ................................................................................................. 64
Relationele spelers....................................................................................................................................... 64
Relationele doelen ....................................................................................................................................... 65
Relationele factoren .................................................................................................................................... 66
Relationele overeenkomsten ....................................................................................................................... 67
The paradox of competition and cooperation .................................................................................................. 68
Perspectives on network level strategy ............................................................................................................ 68
Netwerk en concurrentievoordeel .................................................................................................................... 69
Illegale netwerking: kartels ........................................................................................................................... 69
Concurrentieverminderende strategieën .......................................................................................................... 69
Europese commissie: mededingingsbeleid ....................................................................................................... 69
Artikel 101 TFEU ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Artikel 102 TFEU ............................................................................................................................................... 70
Concurrentiebeleid............................................................................................................................................ 70
Fusies en overnames..................................................................................................................................... 70
Fusies en overnames: motieven ........................................................................................................................ 70
Bronnen van synergie ....................................................................................................................................... 71
Problemen bij fusies en overnames .................................................................................................................. 71
Het overnameproces......................................................................................................................................... 71
Defensieve strategieën tegen overnames......................................................................................................... 71
Loral’s aanpak voor overnames ........................................................................................................................ 72
3
, Aandachtspunten in M&A-strategie ................................................................................................................. 72
Strategy process ........................................................................................................................................... 73
Hoofdstuk 7: strategy formation ................................................................................................................... 73
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 73
The issue of realized strategy ........................................................................................................................... 73
Strategy formation activities........................................................................................................................ 74
Strategy formation roles .............................................................................................................................. 75
Business planning vs strategische planning...................................................................................................... 76
Business planning ........................................................................................................................................ 76
Strategisch plan ........................................................................................................................................... 76
The paradox: deliberateness and emergence ................................................................................................... 80
Deliberate strategizing ................................................................................................................................. 80
Strategy emergence ..................................................................................................................................... 80
Perspectives on strategy formation .................................................................................................................. 81
Scenarioplanning .............................................................................................................................................. 81
Categorieën van onzekerheid ...................................................................................................................... 82
Inbrengen van zekerheid ............................................................................................................................. 82
Scenarioplanning: ........................................................................................................................................ 82
Hoofdstuk 8: strategic change ....................................................................................................................... 84
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 84
Strategic change in de literatuur ...................................................................................................................... 84
The issue of strategic alignment ....................................................................................................................... 85
Areas of strategic alignment ........................................................................................................................ 86
Magnitude of change ................................................................................................................................... 89
Pace of change ............................................................................................................................................. 90
The paradox of revolution and evolution .......................................................................................................... 90
Strategic change in international perspective .................................................................................................. 91
Nabeschouwingen ............................................................................................................................................ 91
De basisassumptie van strategic change ..................................................................................................... 92
Eigenheid van complexe systemen .............................................................................................................. 94
Hoofdstuk 9: strategic innovation ................................................................................................................. 95
Inhoud ............................................................................................................................................................... 95
Voorbeschouwingen ......................................................................................................................................... 95
Technologische innovatie ............................................................................................................................ 96
The issue of strategic renewal .......................................................................................................................... 97
Characteristics of strategic innovation ........................................................................................................ 97
Inhibitors of strategic innovation................................................................................................................. 98
Business model renewal .............................................................................................................................. 98
The paradox of exploitation and exploration ................................................................................................... 99
Perspectives on strategy innovation ................................................................................................................. 99
Strategic improvement ................................................................................................................................ 99
Radical rejuvenation .................................................................................................................................... 99
Managing the paradox of exploitation and exploration................................................................................... 99
Ambidexterity .............................................................................................................................................. 99
4
