Understanding Patho Quiz 2 Neurological System Exam 1 Questions and Answers

What are the 3 components of the neuron? Ans: cell body (soma), dendrites, axons where is the cell body (soma) located? Ans: mainly in the CNS Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are? PNS? Ans: nuclei. ganglia. What is located in the cell body (soma)? Ans: nucleus and cytoplasm. Dendrites are the ________ portion of the neuron. Ans: Receptive portion. They accept and sense external stimuli. Stimulate incoming signals to cell body. Axons transmit impulses where? Ans: Transmit impulses AWAY from cell body of neuron. the long thread like part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. what is the cone-shaped process where the axon leaves the cell body? Ans: axon hillock As dendrites bring signals to the axon hillock, what occurs? Ans: the inhibitory and exhibitory graded potentials are summed to determine if an action potential can occur to send a signal down the axon hillock. What part of the axon has the lowest threshold for stimulation? and what occurs here? Ans: The initial segment of the axon. the action potentials begin at this point. Describe membrane polarization during a neuron's resting state. Ans: imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion pumps. The membrane lacks permeability to ions. unit of measurement of ion concentration Ans: mM (mOsm) the separation or ______________ of ions and charges creates _____________. Ans: polarization; an electrical potential. the further distance between the charges = Ans: the more polarized . Therefore, the closer the distance between the ends results in: Ans: depolarization The membrane potential refers to the _______________ of the cell. Ans: insid