Nutrition -Alcohol Practice Question Guide With Well Elaborated Answers.

Alcohol - correct answer -Is a drug and therefore altering body functions -Toxic and can kill cells by damaging the cell membranes Dietary Guidelines - correct answer A. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation ≤ 2 drinks/day for men ≤ 1 drink/day for women B. 1 drink provides ½ oz. of ethanol 12 oz. beer 10 oz. wine cooler 5 oz. wine 1.5 oz. liquor 1 oz. liquor C. Alcohol provides: 7 kcal/g -Proof- alcohol content of the liquid --> 100 proof= 50% alcohol -->80 proof= 40% alcohol How many calories of ETOH in a 12oz beer that is 5% ABV? - correct answer -0.8g/mL x ABV(%) x volume of beverage (mL) = grams of alcohol 1oz = 30mL -0.8g/ mL X 0.05 X (12 oz X 30mL) 360mL =14.4g ETOH -14.4g X 7cal= 100.8 cal Budweiser 5% =145 cal Bud Light 4.2% =110cal -Ethanol provides large portion of kcal Digestion and Absorption - correct answer -Absorbed in stomach and small intestine -Rate of absorption depends on -->Presence or absence of food -->gender of consumer -Transported to the liver to be metabolized -->One drink per hour -Excess alcohol is released into the blood -Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) Alcohol Metabolism - correct answer Two Main Systems For Metabolizing Alcohol -Alcohol Dehydrogenase -Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System -->MEOS -When comsuming alcohol, all other metabolism processes slow -Alcohol mostly turned into fat instead of used for energy metabolism - correct answer 1. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)- enzyme a. located in: 1. Stomach- amount of enzyme produced varies 2. Liver b. function: 1. converts alcohol into an acetaldehyde a. acetaldehyde 1. Toxic- men more than women and race and ethnicity can effect also 2. Promotes fibrosis leading to cirrhosis and causes inflammation in stomach 2. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase a. Located in liver b. Function: 1. converts acetaldehyde to acetyl CoA -Turn into fat MEOS - correct answer -microsomal ethanol oxidizing system -->liver only --> used when alcohol dehydrogenase system is overwhelmed -Also metabolizes drugs (only one that does) -->Drug and alcohol compete and so both effects are amplified -Gets bigger --> Causes tolerances -Series of proteins Alcohol Disrupts Metabolism - correct answer -Other metabolic changes in response to ethanol A. Body slows other metabolic processes to metabolize alcohol B. Gluconeogenesis declines (hypoglycemia) C. Protein synthesis decreases D. Krebs cycle slows --> Fatty acid synthesis --> ketone formation increases Alcohol Disrupts the Liver - correct answer -Fatty Liver- can be reversed -->First stage of liver deterioration -Fibrosis (almost exclusively alcohol induced) -->Second stage -->Fibrous tissue build up -Cirrhosis (almost exclusively alcohol induced) --> final stage --> liver cells die and form scar tissue Alcohol and Tissues - correct answer -Stomach -->Acetaldehyde is toxic = inflammation to stomach and intestines -->Increases risk of GI cancers -Blood Stream -->BAC - blood alcohol content -Kidney -->Decrease in antidiuretic -hormone = increases urination Brain -->Narcotic Effect -->Loss of consciousness Alcohol Abuse - correct answer -Alcohol abuse: excessive alcohol intake -->Both chronic and occasional alcohol abuse can lead to alcoholism -Binge drinking: consuming 5 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion (within a 3-5 hour span) -->Increased risk of fatal falls, drowning, car accidents, and physical violence -Alcoholism: a disease characterized by chronic alcohol dependence -Symptoms include -->Craving -->Loss of control -->Physical dependence -->Tolerance Alcohol and Nutrition - correct answer -Provides -7kcal/g of ethonal -Mixers and drinks provide additional calories -Alcohol stimulation appetite -Lowers inhibitors Alcohol and Malnutrition - correct answer -Nutrient displacement -->Heavy drinkers may have inadequate food intake -Interference with nutrient metabolism -->Impaired nutrient metabolism will result from chronic alcohol abuse -Protein Energy Malnutrition -Kwaswiorkor -protein energy malnutrition -Adequate calories but inadequate protein Alcoholism - correct answer -Vitamin B6, folate, thiamin deficiencies -Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is seen in chronic alcoholism -Causes brain damage and neuro-problems -Thymine deficiency tied in with psychosis Avoid Alcohol If: - correct answer -People who should avoid drinking alcohol: -->Women who are or may become pregnant and women who are breastfeeding -Epicanthol folds (eyes), upper lip thin, and small ears -->People with a history of alcoholism and those taking medications that interact with alcohol -->Individuals driving, operating machinery, or engaging in other tasks that require attention and coordinatio