Connecticut Foundations of Reading
Test
Alphabetic Principle - answerthe basic idea that written language is a code in which
letters represent the sounds in a spoken language
Decoding - answer-ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing
knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences
-the act of deciphering a new word by sounding it out
Base Word - answerwords from which many other words are formed
Affixes - answerword parts that are "fixed to" either the beginning of words (prefixes) or
the endings of words (suffixes)
Compound Words - answera word made up of two smaller words in spelling and
meaning ex. birthday
Homophones - answertwo words with the same sound but spelled differently
ex. weather and whether
Homographs - answertwo words with the same spelling but different sounds and
meanings
ex. I am content, what are the contents
Vowel Diphthong - answertwo vowels together that make a unique sound-not the sound
of either vowel within a syllable such as ou/ow and oi/oy
ex. boil
Consonant Diagraph - answertwo consonants together that make a unique sound
ex. chap
Consonant Blends - answerconsonant sequence before or after a vowel within a
syllable such as cl, br, st
ex. chap
Fluency - answerthe ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression
and comprehension
Grapheme - answeris a letter or letter combination that spells a single phoneme. In
English a grapheme may be one, two, three or four letters, such as e, ei, igh, or eigh
, Graphic and Semantic Organizers - answersummarize and illustrate concepts and
interrelationships among concepts in a text, using diagrams or other pictorial devices
Graphic Organizer - answeroften know as maps, webs, graphs, charts, frames, or
clusters
Semantic Organizers - answergraphic organizers that look somewhat like a spider web
where lines connect a central concept to a variety of related ideas and events
Long Vowels - answervowels that say their name
ex. Amy, ego, make, etc
Short Vowels - answervowels that don't say their name
ex. Alison, mad, egg, it, etc.
R-controlled Vowels - answerwhen the vowel is controlled by the r and not long or short
ex. perform, mirror, further, worth, wart
Morpheme - answer-is the smallest meaningful unit of language
-can be one syllable (book) or more than one syllable (seventeen)
-can be a whole word or a part of a word such as a prefix or suffix
-ex. the word ungrateful contains three morphemes: un, grate, and ful
Purpose of Phonic Instruction - answerto have automaticity when reading, allowing for
comprehension of text, resulting in a pleasurable, meaningful reading experience
Phonemic Awareness - answer-the ability to notice, think about, and work with the
individual sounds in spoken words
-ability to identify and manipulate phonemes and sounds in words
-ear-like skill, you can do it in the dark
Phoneme - answer-are the smallest units of sound that change the meanings of spoken
words
-English has about 41-44 phonemes
Phonics - answer-is a form of instruction to cultivate the understanding and use of the
alphabetic principle, that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes and
graphemes, the letters that represent those sounds in written language and that this
information can be used to read or decode words
-phonics=alphabetic principle
Phonological Awareness - answer-covers a range of understandings related to the
sounds of words and word parts
-the umbrella term
Phonological Awareness Progression - answerFrom bottom to top
Test
Alphabetic Principle - answerthe basic idea that written language is a code in which
letters represent the sounds in a spoken language
Decoding - answer-ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing
knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences
-the act of deciphering a new word by sounding it out
Base Word - answerwords from which many other words are formed
Affixes - answerword parts that are "fixed to" either the beginning of words (prefixes) or
the endings of words (suffixes)
Compound Words - answera word made up of two smaller words in spelling and
meaning ex. birthday
Homophones - answertwo words with the same sound but spelled differently
ex. weather and whether
Homographs - answertwo words with the same spelling but different sounds and
meanings
ex. I am content, what are the contents
Vowel Diphthong - answertwo vowels together that make a unique sound-not the sound
of either vowel within a syllable such as ou/ow and oi/oy
ex. boil
Consonant Diagraph - answertwo consonants together that make a unique sound
ex. chap
Consonant Blends - answerconsonant sequence before or after a vowel within a
syllable such as cl, br, st
ex. chap
Fluency - answerthe ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression
and comprehension
Grapheme - answeris a letter or letter combination that spells a single phoneme. In
English a grapheme may be one, two, three or four letters, such as e, ei, igh, or eigh
, Graphic and Semantic Organizers - answersummarize and illustrate concepts and
interrelationships among concepts in a text, using diagrams or other pictorial devices
Graphic Organizer - answeroften know as maps, webs, graphs, charts, frames, or
clusters
Semantic Organizers - answergraphic organizers that look somewhat like a spider web
where lines connect a central concept to a variety of related ideas and events
Long Vowels - answervowels that say their name
ex. Amy, ego, make, etc
Short Vowels - answervowels that don't say their name
ex. Alison, mad, egg, it, etc.
R-controlled Vowels - answerwhen the vowel is controlled by the r and not long or short
ex. perform, mirror, further, worth, wart
Morpheme - answer-is the smallest meaningful unit of language
-can be one syllable (book) or more than one syllable (seventeen)
-can be a whole word or a part of a word such as a prefix or suffix
-ex. the word ungrateful contains three morphemes: un, grate, and ful
Purpose of Phonic Instruction - answerto have automaticity when reading, allowing for
comprehension of text, resulting in a pleasurable, meaningful reading experience
Phonemic Awareness - answer-the ability to notice, think about, and work with the
individual sounds in spoken words
-ability to identify and manipulate phonemes and sounds in words
-ear-like skill, you can do it in the dark
Phoneme - answer-are the smallest units of sound that change the meanings of spoken
words
-English has about 41-44 phonemes
Phonics - answer-is a form of instruction to cultivate the understanding and use of the
alphabetic principle, that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes and
graphemes, the letters that represent those sounds in written language and that this
information can be used to read or decode words
-phonics=alphabetic principle
Phonological Awareness - answer-covers a range of understandings related to the
sounds of words and word parts
-the umbrella term
Phonological Awareness Progression - answerFrom bottom to top
