NUR3128 Midterm UNF Exam Questions With Verified Answers.

NUR3128 Midterm UNF Exam Questions With Verified Answers. What are the steps of the nursing process? - answerAssessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Define assessment in the nursing process - answerThe deliberate and systematic collection of data to determine a patient's current and past health status, functional status and past and present coping patterns Define diagnosis in the nursing process - answerInvolves identifying the patient problem; what is happening to the patient that is affecting their quality of life Define planning in the nursing process - answerInvolves developing patient-centered goals and a care plan in order to alleviate the patient's problem What characteristics should a goal contain? - answerA goal should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely. Define intervention in the nursing process - answerInvolves implementing the plan of care to help the patient. A nurse oriented process that seeks to help the patient achieve their goal(s). Define evaluation in the nursing process - answerAn ongoing process that analyzes how the patient meets their goals. What is the purpose of the nursing process? - answerTo provide a deliverable but flexible guide for identifying patient problem, and planning, implementing, and evaluating effective, individualized nursing care Define objective data - answerFindings resulting from direction observation; includes inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and readings such as RR, HR, BP, and SpO2. Define subjective data - answerInformation provided to you by the client/patient. Can include past medical history, family history, allergies, current medication use, and the chief complaint. Differentiate between direct and indirect care - answerDirect care is care that the nurse conducts to the patient in order to alleviate the problem (i.e. talking, med admin) while indirect care is altering the environment of the patient in order to care for them. Describe nursing interventions appropriate to medication administration - answerEducate patient on correct route, dosage, drug interactions, time, and frequency. Define a nurse initiated intervention - answeran independent intervention; actions performed by a nurse without a physicians order (i.e. patient education) Define a healthcare provider initiated intervention - answera dependent intervention; actions performed by a nurse that requires an order from the provider (i.e. med admin). What factors affect patient teaching? - answerreadiness to learn, investing in learning, full engagement, timing, conducive environment, eliminate barriers (i.e. pain, language), tailor to patient's education level, provide simple communication, avoid patient overload What cultural considerations should you consider while patient teaching? - answerCultural values and beliefs, language barriers What are some nursing considerations to keep in mind while teaching the patient? - answerHave the patient teach back what you taught them, promote patient independence (i.e. self administration, explain why the patient needs to take the drug, leave time for patient to ask questions, review side effects/adverse reactions What are some strategies to assist patients with taking multiple medications a day? - answerUse a drug organizer/ record log, use one pharmacy Define pharmokinetics - answerthe study of drug movement throughout the body What are the stages of pharmokinetics? - answerAbsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Define absorption - answerThe first pharmokinetic stage; it involves the movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration Define dissolution - answerThe breaking down of drugs, and combining it with GI fluid to form a solution that can be absorbed by the GI tract. Drugs in solid form are dissolved. Define disintegration - answerThe breakdown of a drug (usually oral) into smaller pieces so it can dissolve What factors affect absorption of drugs? - answerBlood flow, pain, stress, hunger, temperature, pH, drug composition/type of drug, surface area, and ROA How does ROA affect absorption? - answerIV- goes straight into bloodstream, so absorption is immediate Oral- med has to go through GI tract, so absorption is slower, and less drug is absorbed IM- drugs given in muscles that have increased blood flow (i.e. deltoid, vestus laterals) are absorbed faster in muscles that do not (i.e. gluteals). Sub cut- Sub cut tissue has decreased blood flow compared to muscle, so absorption is slower, but they have a more rapid and predictable rate of absorption than oral drugs. Rectal- absorption is slower because the surface area of the rectum is smaller than the GI tract, and there are no vili. What are enteric coated drugs? - answerEnteric coated drugs resist disintegration in the gastric acid environment of the stomach, and dissolves readily in the alkaline environment of the small intestine. Should not be crushed. How does the gastric environment affect drug absorption? - answerAbsorption is reduced if villi are decreased in number in the small intestine. Increasing the rate of gastric emptying and gastro-intestinal motility increases the rate of absorption of a drug. How does blood flow affect absorption? - answerIncreased blood flow in an area increases absorption. Exercise shunts blood away from the GI tract, thus decreasing absorption. Define the first-pass effect. - answerThe process in which the drug passes to the liver first, where it is either metabolized to an inactive form or a drug metabolite. This decreases the amount of active drug available to exert a pharmacologic effect. Define bioavailability - answerthe percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation, and is available for activity. How does bioavailability affect the type of drug/ROA? - answerOral drugs- bioavailability is less than 100%, and varies from drug to drug IV drugs- 100%, because it enters the bloodstream immediately, and can bind to receptors readily. What factors affect bioavailability? - answerThe drug form (tablet, capsule, sustained release beads, liquid, patch, inhalation, suppository), the ROA (enteral, topical, parenteral), gastric mucosa and motility, administration with food and other drugs, and changes in liver metabolism A decrease in liver function / decrease in hepatic blood flow can ______ bioavailability. - answerIncrease, because less drug is destroyed by hepatic metabolism; only affects drugs that are metabolized by the liver. Define drug distribution - answerthe movement of a drug from circulation to the body tissues. What factors affect drug distribution? - answerrate of blood flow to the tissue, the drugs affinity to the tissue, and protein-binding Define protein binding - answerDescribes how drugs are distributed in the plasma and bind with plasma proteins (such as albumin, but