Perception,
Attention,
and
Memory
Perception:
●
How
We
See
Things:
○
Our
perception
involves
interpreting
2D
images
from
the
retina
into
a
3D
world
through
subconscious
assumptions
about
the
world.
○
Color
Perception:
■
The
color
we
perceive
is
influenced
by
lighting
and
shadows.
Shadows
make
things
appear
darker,
so
we
assume
objects
in
shadows
are
lighter
than
they
seem.
■
Optical
illusions
can
occur
because
our
brain
makes
assumptions
based
on
light
and
context.
○
Segmenting
Objects:
■
We
use
several
principles
to
segment
our
world
into
different
objects:
■
Proximity:
Objects
close
together
are
perceived
as
a
single
group.
■
Closure:
We
tend
to
see
complete
figures
even
when
parts
are
missing.
■
Continuation:
We
perceive
continuous
lines
and
patterns.
■
Common
Movement:
Objects
moving
together
are
seen
as
a
single
unit.
○
Depth
Perception:
■
We
use
various
cues
to
perceive
depth:
■
Binocular
Disparity:
Each
eye
has
a
slightly
different
view;
the
difference
helps
gauge
distance
(more
difference
=
closer,
less
difference
=
farther).
■
Interposition:
Objects
blocking
others
are
perceived
as
closer.
■
Relative
Size:
Smaller
objects
are
perceived
as
farther
away
based
on
prior
knowledge.
■
Texture
Gradients:
Finer
textures
indicate
distance.
■
Parallel
Lines:
These
appear
to
converge
in
the
distance.
Attention:
●
Nature
of
Attention:
○
Attention
involves
focusing
on
specific
stimuli
while
ignoring
others.
○
Involuntary
Attention:
Certain
stimuli
can
automatically
capture
our
focus.
●
Examples:
○
Reading
vs.
Recognizing
Colors:
■
When
words
are
colored
differently
(e.g.,
the
word
"purple"
in
orange),
we
tend
to
read
the
word
instead
of
naming
the
color
due
to
automatic
attention
to
words.
○
Change
Blindness:
Attention,
and
Memory
Perception:
●
How
We
See
Things:
○
Our
perception
involves
interpreting
2D
images
from
the
retina
into
a
3D
world
through
subconscious
assumptions
about
the
world.
○
Color
Perception:
■
The
color
we
perceive
is
influenced
by
lighting
and
shadows.
Shadows
make
things
appear
darker,
so
we
assume
objects
in
shadows
are
lighter
than
they
seem.
■
Optical
illusions
can
occur
because
our
brain
makes
assumptions
based
on
light
and
context.
○
Segmenting
Objects:
■
We
use
several
principles
to
segment
our
world
into
different
objects:
■
Proximity:
Objects
close
together
are
perceived
as
a
single
group.
■
Closure:
We
tend
to
see
complete
figures
even
when
parts
are
missing.
■
Continuation:
We
perceive
continuous
lines
and
patterns.
■
Common
Movement:
Objects
moving
together
are
seen
as
a
single
unit.
○
Depth
Perception:
■
We
use
various
cues
to
perceive
depth:
■
Binocular
Disparity:
Each
eye
has
a
slightly
different
view;
the
difference
helps
gauge
distance
(more
difference
=
closer,
less
difference
=
farther).
■
Interposition:
Objects
blocking
others
are
perceived
as
closer.
■
Relative
Size:
Smaller
objects
are
perceived
as
farther
away
based
on
prior
knowledge.
■
Texture
Gradients:
Finer
textures
indicate
distance.
■
Parallel
Lines:
These
appear
to
converge
in
the
distance.
Attention:
●
Nature
of
Attention:
○
Attention
involves
focusing
on
specific
stimuli
while
ignoring
others.
○
Involuntary
Attention:
Certain
stimuli
can
automatically
capture
our
focus.
●
Examples:
○
Reading
vs.
Recognizing
Colors:
■
When
words
are
colored
differently
(e.g.,
the
word
"purple"
in
orange),
we
tend
to
read
the
word
instead
of
naming
the
color
due
to
automatic
attention
to
words.
○
Change
Blindness:
