Anthropology 102 Final Exam Review
Explain what social groups are - correct answer ✔✔a social group has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.
Define what is included in the term social stratification - correct answer ✔✔Social stratification is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).
Discuss the concept of civil society - correct answer ✔✔Civil society is the "aggregate of non-
governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens". Civil society includes the family and the private sphere, referred to as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business.
Race - correct answer ✔✔Race is the classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, ancestry, genetics, or social relations, or the relations between them.
Ethnicity - correct answer ✔✔the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national
or cultural tradition.
"Passing" - correct answer ✔✔Racial passing occurs when a person classified as a member of one racial group is also accepted as a member of a different racial group.
Gender - correct answer ✔✔the state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones).
Sex - correct answer ✔✔either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and many other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions.
Sexuality - correct answer ✔✔a person's sexual orientation or preference. Gender Identity - correct answer ✔✔a person's perception of having a particular gender, which may or may not correspond with their birth sex.
Gender Expression - correct answer ✔✔the way in which a person expresses their gender identity, typically through their appearance, dress, and behavior.
Social Class - correct answer ✔✔a division of a society based on social and economic status.
Achieved position - correct answer ✔✔a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen.
Ascribed position - correct answer ✔✔is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. It is a position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned.
Status - correct answer ✔✔the relative social, professional, or other standing of someone or something.
Modes of Reproduction influenced by Modes of Livelihood - correct answer ✔✔1) The Foraging Mode of
Reproduction
-Moderate death and birth rates
-Value of Children: Moderate
-Fertility:
-Indirect means (suppress ovulation)
-Direct means
2) The Agricultural Mode of Reproduction
-High birth rates, declining death rates
-Value of children: high
-Pronatalist technique (encouraging child birth)
-Increased reliance on direct means of birth control
-Increasing specialization: midwives, herbalists
3) The Industrial/Informatics Mode of Reproduction
Explain what social groups are - correct answer ✔✔a social group has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.
Define what is included in the term social stratification - correct answer ✔✔Social stratification is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).
Discuss the concept of civil society - correct answer ✔✔Civil society is the "aggregate of non-
governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens". Civil society includes the family and the private sphere, referred to as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business.
Race - correct answer ✔✔Race is the classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, ancestry, genetics, or social relations, or the relations between them.
Ethnicity - correct answer ✔✔the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national
or cultural tradition.
"Passing" - correct answer ✔✔Racial passing occurs when a person classified as a member of one racial group is also accepted as a member of a different racial group.
Gender - correct answer ✔✔the state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones).
Sex - correct answer ✔✔either of the two main categories (male and female) into which humans and many other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive functions.
Sexuality - correct answer ✔✔a person's sexual orientation or preference. Gender Identity - correct answer ✔✔a person's perception of having a particular gender, which may or may not correspond with their birth sex.
Gender Expression - correct answer ✔✔the way in which a person expresses their gender identity, typically through their appearance, dress, and behavior.
Social Class - correct answer ✔✔a division of a society based on social and economic status.
Achieved position - correct answer ✔✔a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen.
Ascribed position - correct answer ✔✔is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. It is a position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned.
Status - correct answer ✔✔the relative social, professional, or other standing of someone or something.
Modes of Reproduction influenced by Modes of Livelihood - correct answer ✔✔1) The Foraging Mode of
Reproduction
-Moderate death and birth rates
-Value of Children: Moderate
-Fertility:
-Indirect means (suppress ovulation)
-Direct means
2) The Agricultural Mode of Reproduction
-High birth rates, declining death rates
-Value of children: high
-Pronatalist technique (encouraging child birth)
-Increased reliance on direct means of birth control
-Increasing specialization: midwives, herbalists
3) The Industrial/Informatics Mode of Reproduction
