Mendelian Genetics Test Questions + Answers Graded A+

46 - the number of chromosomes that humans have allele - one form or version of a gene complete or simple dominance - type of dominance that occurs when an inherited trait is coded for by a single gene and that gene has two versions, or alleles: the dominant version and the recessive version, where the dominant version masks the recessive version dihybrid cross - cross that follows TWO traits dominant - the allele in a genotype that masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus on a chromosome F1 generation - first generation (offspring of the parent generation) F2 generation - second generation (offspring of the F1 generation) gene - a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring Genetics - the study of the inheritance of traits genotype - the two alleles inherited for a particular gene; the genetic make up of a trait; the "genes" Gregor Mendel - The Father of Genetics - an Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his gardenheredity - passing of traits from parents to their offspring, either through reproduction heterozygous - description of a genotype of an individual who has two different alleles, one dominant and the other recessive homologous chromosomes - A set of chromosomes - one from each parent homozygous - description of a genotype of an individual who has two of the same allele, either dominant or recessive hybrid - an individual with a heterozygous genotype Law of Dominance - States that one of the factors for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive, unless both factors are recessive Law of Independent Assortment - the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors line up independently during gamete production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together Law of Segregation - the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor separate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent monohybrid cross - cross that follows just ONE trait P generation - parent generation pedigree - the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family phenotype - an individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type; "Physical" traitsPunnett square - a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment pure-bred or true-breeding - an individual with a homozygous genotype recessive - the allele in a genotype that is frequently masked by a second allele at the same locus on a chromosome sex-linked traits - traits that are caused by genes that are found on the X and Y chromosomes test cross - involves the breeding of a phenotypically dominant individual (HH or Hh) with a phenotypically recessive individual (hh), in order to determine the genotype of the former by analyzing proportions of offspring phenotypes trait - a genetically determined characteristic Traits of pea plants that Mendel studied - Pea shape (round or wrinkled) Pea color (green or yellow) Pod shape (constricted or inflated) Pod color (green or yellow) Flower color (purple or white) Plant size (tall or dwarf) Position of flowers (axial or terminal)