Non-Mendelian Genetics Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction

allele - version of a gene that produces a specific trait Autosomal Dominant Trait - appears in every generation (cant hide dominant trait), child with trait has at least 1 parent with the trait Autosomal recessive trait - skips a generation, heterozygotes are carriers (half filled symbol), not in sex cell co-Dominance - Both alleles from the same gene are expressed in the phenotype, shows multiple effects, ex. can have blood A, B, or AB (combined) Dihybrid Cross - 9:3:3:1- 2 heterozygous parents 1:1:1:1- 1 double heterozygote x double recessive DEMONSTRATES INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT Epistasis (Polygenic) - multiple genes cause 1 effect (2 genes control 1 phenotype), 2 or more genes control a phenotype, ex skin color gene - unit of hereditary passed from parent to chid Incomplete Dominance - heterozygous show third (new) phenotype from both parents, 2 alleles cannot out-dominate the effect of each other Parent (white x red), F1 (pink), F2 (white, 2 pink, red) Law of Dominance - individual heterozygous for a certain trait exhibit dominant phenotype of the traitLaw of Independent Assortment - each pair of alleles segregate to gametes independent of the other pairs that are in the same chromosomes Law of Segregation - alleles are packed to separate gametes (during meiosis) Linkage - 2 genes found on same chromosome Monohybrid Cross - 3:1- 2 heterozygous parents 1:2:1- 2 heterozygous parents 1:1: 1 heterozygote x recessive parent Multiple Allelism - Multiple alleles of a gene exist in a population Pleiotropy - One gene influences 2 or more unrelated phenotypic traits, ex. chickens have the dominant allele for feathers which influence their body temperature polymorphism - in a population, 2 or more phenotypes are present Principle of segregation - properties of an allele dont influence which gamete that allele will be in Sex linked recessive trait - can be recessive or dominant, X-LINKED, inherited from mom, easier for boys to get a sex linked trait because they only have one X Test Cross - Crossing an organism of unknown genotype with another with recessive traits will determine genotype of the unknown parent Trait - variant of a character