BIOLOGY 1001 EXAM 2 Exam Questions and answers (

BIOLOGY 1001 EXAM 2 Exam Questions and answers (202472025 Energy - ✔✔ability to do work Work - ✔✔transfer of energy to an object causing it to move chemical energy - ✔✔energy contained within a molecule such as glycogen or fat, is released by chemical reac tions, converted to ATP, and used to do work. potential energy - ✔✔stored energy that has the potential to do work kinetic energy - ✔✔energy of movement first law of thermodynamics - ✔✔states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed by ordinary processes second law of thermodynamics - ✔✔states that when energy is converted from one form to another the amount of useful energy decreases entropy - ✔✔tendency towards loss of complexity, order, and useful energy and the increase of randomness, disor der, and less -useful energy. chemical reaction - ✔✔a process that creates or breaks chemical bonds between atoms and converts reactants into products. exergonic reaction - ✔✔releases energy endergonic reaction - ✔✔requires energy energy carrier molecul es - ✔✔have high energy and are unstable molecules synthesized at the site of an exergonic reaction that cannot be used for long -term storage ATP - ✔✔principle energy carrier in cells catalysts - ✔✔speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy but are not consumed or permanantly changed by reactions enzymes - ✔✔biological catalysts composed of proteins. substrates - ✔✔reactants are also called coenzymes - ✔✔non-protein molecules that help some reactions occur. loctose intolerance - ✔✔this is when a person loses the ability to digest lactose in early childhood because their body stops producing lactase metabolic pathways - ✔✔many reactions are linked in sequences called pepsin - ✔✔an inactive form of an enzyme that digests proteins. It is secreted into the stomach trypsin - ✔✔a protein digesting enzyme synthesized in an inactive form and secreted into the small intestine competitive inhibiton - ✔✔this is where the inhibitor binds to the active site noncompeti tive inhibition - ✔✔this is when the inhibitor binds to a site different from the active site because it is distorted