Summary - Unit 4 - Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND THE PERIODIC TABLE
TEST FOR CATIONS

GROUP2 REACTIONS GROUP2 OXIDES REACTIONS
1) Dip nichrome wire


↓ increased
reactivity
BASES : BASES :



+
ALKALINE SOLUTION [more strong
2) Dip in sample
- WATER-> METAL HYDROXIDES WATER >
group]
-

down
e .




g
.


Mg + 2H20 >
-

Mg(On) 2 + He e .
g Mg0 + H20 >
-

Mg(OU) 2
↳ METAL HUDOXIDES
Mg reacts slowly with cold water
3) place loop in BLUE
vigorously with steam >
-
MgO (not MgIOH): ↳ dissociates to form OH-ions
Be0 doesn't react-hydroxide is insoluble

MgO reacts very slowly -
hydroxide barely dissolves
- OXYGEN-METAL OXIDES
e .

g
.




[Mg + 02 -
2MgO ↳ white solids energy of a specific waveleng
+
ACID
- > SALT + WATER released when e-drop down to l
↳ same for hydroxides levels having jumped hig
e
gMgO + H2SO4 >
MgSOy 120 energy
.
-
+ ,


+ CHLORINE-METAL CHLORIDES neutralise
having absorbed energy from the
e .

.
g Mg + (l2 >
-

Mg(12




GROUP2 PROPERITIES


SOLUBILITY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION

HYDROXIDES SULPHATES CARBONATES NITRATES
. 2-


Mg sparingly soluble very soluble
Mg




↓ ↓
>
-

METAL OXIDE +
CO2 > METAL
- OXIDE +
NOz
Ca Ca
↓ ↑ decreased distortion of e-cloud /NO S Cos
2

e-density >
-

lower
St St
- -




increased themal less distortion = more stable carbonate
Ba very soluble sparingly soluble Ba stability
↳ G1 more stable than G2



GROUP 1 PROPERITIES

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
7 time taken
to be

browngasNOz
CO2

a
for a
set
o
amou - -




time taken


I
gas
Bunsen flame >
- for a set amount of NO2 to be
carbonates are thermally stable under a
CO2) TESTING FOR Syringe
form Liz0 produced
I
+
lexcept for LiCOs with will
CARBONATES COz2
> gs
-
gro:Liz i ↓ TEST FOR



t
time taken to turn
NITRATES NO3
A
cloudy
limewater fume cupboard !

S
NITRATES decompose >
-
METAL NITRITES +
02 faster means more amount needed to
INO2-not NOj) CO2 relight
a
glowing
s


form Liz0
/except for LiNOs with will
, NOz and 02)
group 1 : 2LiNOs -LiOz + EO +
NOz
group 2 2 NaNOs
:
>
-


2NaOz + O2




HALOGENS HALOSENS



↑




I
↑
OXIDISING AGENT




I
FLUORINEIG)



I
BOILING POINT ELECTRONEGATIVITY + Cl2 water
pale yellow



CHLORINE (g) ↑ size ↑ mass ↑ london forces smaller radius ↑ electrostatic attraction
↓ distance
smalle from ↓ shielding + Buz water
pale green -
nucleus
shown by :
e-
gain
BROMINE(1)
easier to on


brown-orange ↑ +I solution
IODINE Is)
grey
purple(ag)/(9)
DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS




organ organic Solventleg
a
e
↳ ihlorine
↳bromine
↳ iocline

change



+ GROUP 1 /OR2) >
-
METAL HALIDE


↓ COLD ALUALIlegNaOH -
> NaX + NaXO + WATER
breach paper
and fabrics water treatment - WATE
3 DISPROPORTONATT
I -
# HOT ALUALIlegNaOH -
> NaX + NaXO, + WATER ↳ chlorine + sodium
>Sodiuetely [BLEACH] - cleaning agents H20
8
-


hydroxide (1)


C2 +
2NaOH >
-
NaCIO + NaCl + H20

REDUCING POWER OF HALIDE IONS

F-



Cl-radiust distance ↑ shieldingT TEST ONE : REACTION WITH SULFURIC ACID