Rosh review endocrine (Questions & Answers) Rated 100% Correct!!

A 21-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of two weeks of increased thirst and increased urination that has started to affect her daily activities. A water deprivation study is ordered and shows a significant decrease in urine osmolality. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A Central diabetes insipidus B Nephrolithiasis C Type I diabetes mellitus D Urinary tract infection - A Central diabetes insipidus A 22-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of weight gain, stretch marks, fatigue, and headache that began about six months ago. Vital signs are pulse 78 beats per minute, temperature 98.7°F, respirations 18 per minute, blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg, nonfasting glucose 228 mg/dL, and body mass index 30 kg/m2. The patient reports no cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus in her or her first-degree relatives' histories, and she is not taking any medications. Physical exam reveals large, purple abdominal striae, multiple bruises at various sites, and facial plethora. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A Acromegaly B Cushing syndrome C Pheochromocytoma D Type 1 diabetes mellitus - B Cushing syndrome A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with palpitations and tremors for the past two months. She also says that she has had increased frequency of bowel movements and has recently lost weight. Her blood pressure is noted to be 140/80 mm Hg. Her thyroid-stimulating hormone level is checked and found to be low. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A Hyperthyroidism B Hypothyroidism C Insulinoma D Pheochromocytoma - A Hyperthyroidism A 25-year-old man with a body mass index of 30 presents to the office for an annual physical and is found to have an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 155 mg/dL. He has no known history ofdiabetes, atherosclerosis, or coronary heart disease. Which of the following therapies should be initiated for this patient? A Discuss a weight loss plan to include regular cardiovascular exercise B Prophylactic treatment with aspirin 81 mg C Start a low dose of atorvastatin 10 mg daily D Start a low dose of niacin 100 mg in the evenings - A Discuss a weight loss plan to include regular cardiovascular exercise A 25-year-old woman presents to the clinic with chronic fatigue and malaise. She also has experienced decreased appetite and weight loss. These symptoms developed gradually over months. Hyperpigmented skin is seen on exam. What is the most likely diagnosis? A Adrenal crisis B Cushing syndromeYour Answer C Primary adrenal insufficiency D Secondary adrenal insufficiency - C Primary adrenal insufficiency A 30-year-old woman presents to the office complaining of increased thirst and increased urination that began about one month ago. She also complains of worsening headaches and double vision that began around the same time. A water deprivation test followed by administration of desmopressin results in an increase in urinary osmolality. Which portion of the nephron does desmopressin target? A Collecting ducts B Distal convoluted tubule C Loop of Henle D Proximal convoluted tubule - A Collecting ducts A 33-year-old man presents with upper abdominal pain that has been off and on for several months. He is found to have multiple ulcerations in his stomach and is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Which of the following hormones stimulates the overproduction of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? A Cholecystokinin B Gastrin C Ghrelin D Secretin - B GastrinA 34-year-old man presents to the ED for headache, palpitations, and dizziness. His blood pressure is elevated to 160/90 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 112 beats per minute. He is afebrile, and his respiratory rate is within normal limits. He mentions his mother had a history of pheochromocytoma. A CT scan of the abdomen shows bilateral renal masses suspicious for pheochromocytoma. Which of the following is the best test to confirm this diagnosis? A 24-hour urinary fractionated catecholamines B 24-hour urinary fractionated metanephrines C Magnetic resonance imaging D Plasma fractionated metanephrines - D Plasma fractionated metanephrines A 35-year-old man is diagnosed with a parathyroid adenoma, pituitary adenoma, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Which of the following syndromes does this represent? A Cushing syndrome B Metabolic syndrome C Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 D Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 - C Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 A 4-year-old girl who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious in her playroom by her mother. The mother tests the child's blood glucose, and it is 39 mg/dL. She calls emergency medical services for assistance. What should the mother be instructed to do while waiting for EMS to arrive? A Administer a bolus of D50 B Administer five units of insulin C Administer glucagon subcutaneously D Pour honey into the girl's mouth - C Administer glucagon subcutaneously A 42-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of low energy, weight gain, and feeling cold all the time. Her pulse is 56 beats per minute, her blood pressure is 140/100 mm Hg, and her temperature is 98.4°F. Which of the following physical exam findings would best support a diagnosis of hypothyroidism? A ExophthalmosB Hyperreflexia C Low, gravelly voice D Thin, fine hair - C Low, gravelly voice A 43-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for an annual exam. She has no significant medical or family history, no recent illnesses, and no presenting complaints. A routine screening metabolic panel is notable for elevated serum calcium. Subsequent testing is recommended to confirm the cause of the hypercalcemia. Which of the following is the next best test? A 24-hour urinary calcium excretion B Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation analysis C Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D D Serum parathyroid level - D Serum parathyroid level A 45-year-old man presents with a two-day onset of skin lesions. He reports that new lesions appear whenever his skin is irritated. He is otherwise healthy. Physical examination reveals grouped 1-5 mm redyellow papules involving extensor surfaces and the buttock. Lab results show a serum triglyceride level of 2,000 mg/dl. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A Eruptive xanthoma B Plane xanthoma C Tendinous xanthoma D Tuberous xanthoma - A Eruptive xanthoma A 47-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a refill of his prediabetes medication. During the visit, he mentions how strange it is that his hands and feet seem to be increasing in size, though he has not gained weight. He has had to go up a shoe size and also had to have his wedding ring enlarged. His complaints raise concern for acromegaly. Which of the following is most characteristically found with acromegaly? A Buffalo hump B Exophthalmos C Galactorrhea D Macrognathia - D Macrognathia