Psych 217 Final Exam Questions and Answers Updated 2024 Graded A

Naturalistic Fallacy - What is typical does not determine what is right (this behavior is "natural" (or evolved) therefore it is moral) BE AWARE OF THIS Why does evolution matter? - Can't assume we can make any moral system we want, but brains and culture are rooted in history & character of our species Motivational Autonomy - Biology determines what CAN be not what MUST be (brain and social structure are like building blocks and how they're put together is flexible) Primates - group of about 400 different species of mammals that humans are a part of Common ancestor - 60-90 million years ago Hominidae (our family) - split from other ancestors about 15 millions yrs ago Chimpanzees - we did not evolve from these, they are our closest relative because we have a common ancestor from about 5million yrs ago Common Chimpanzee - Pan troglodyte;show much higher levels of aggression. Stronger status competition within groups. Radically more violent behavior towards "stranger chimps" Bonobo chimpanzee - Pan Paniscus; less violent means of conflict management. Female coordination to a greater degree. Sexual behavior a key component of conflict resolution. Greater diversity of sexual behavior. Neanderthals - Closest non-living relative= homo neanderthalensis. Common ancestor ~ 500 thousand yrs ago, overlapped biologically with humans for 200K yrs (small degree of interbreeding) went extinct ~ 30K years ago. Used tools, ate mostly meat, don't know if they used language, some art Hunter gatherers - our ancestral humans were these; small bands of people (~5k people at one point) scavenged just as much or more than they hunted big game Beginning of agriculture - ~10 thousand years ago Beginning of cities, written language, modern culture - ~5k years ago Characteristic of hunter-gatherers - risked starvation and being attacked by large predators, didn't usually have conflict with other groups of humans because little benefit. Mostly egalitarian. Gained status within group, but avoid ostracism Ostracism - exclusion from a society or group Agriculture effects of humans - less egalitarian; more focus on wealth and power, less interpersonal violence, more intergroup Groups - human life is organized in... Game theory (economic games) - situations in which people have to interact with others and make decisions with minimal information; recreates problems that people face in social situations Rational Choice Models - assumes human behavior is rational and self-interested (maximizing profit) Prisoner's dilemma game - measures trust and cooperation; two players, know the options faced by the other player, joint payoffs are highest when both players choose the cooperative option (temptation to exploit) Dictator Game - measures altruism;