Analytical Chemistry, Study Guide.
Commonly Used Terms
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Indicate: Branch of chemistry that deals with the
separation, identification and composition of matter
Gravimetric Method - Indicate: Measurement of mass of substance that is chemically
related to the analyte
Volumetric Method - Indicate: Measures the volume of solution necessary to read
completely with the analyte.
Spectroscopic Method - Indicate: Measures the electromagnetic radiation produced by
the analyte or its interactions with it.
Electroanalytic Method - Indicate: Measures the electrical properties of the analyte
such as current, potential, resistance, and amount of charge
Kjeldahl Method - Indicate: Determination of Organic Nitrogen (Amines, Amides,
Nitriles and Nitro Group: %N or %Protein
Double Indicator Method - Indicate: To determine the composition of a soda ash
sample. Two indicators (one alkaline range one acidic) Example: Phenolphthalein
endpoint (Na2CO3 and NaOH) and methyl red endpoint (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3)
Argentometric titration - Indicate: Titration with Silver Nitrate AgNO3
Mohr Method - Indicate: Direct method for halides and cyanides; Titration is carried out
between pH of 7-10. Usually, a low concentration of chromate is desired to detect the
end point clearly since a chromate ion imparts an intense yellow color.
Volhard Method - Indicate: For the formation of a colored complexion; Direct method
for silver; Indirect method for halides; Titration is carried out in acidic condition to hasten
precipitation of ferric ion to its hydrated oxide form.
Fajan's Method - Indicate: For the formation of a colored adsorption complex; same as
Mohr's but uses DCF dichlorofluorescein; between pH 4-7, dextrin is added to prevent
excessive coagulation of the AgCl precipitate.
Liebig Method - Indicate: Determination of Cyanide, carried by the dropwise addition of
AgNO3 in a solution of a cyanide forming a soluble cyanide complex of silver
Permanganate Process - Indicate: Oxidation-Reduction Titration with KMnO4; Self-
indicating.
, Dichromate Process - Indicate: Cr2O72-+6e- -> 2Cr3+
Iodometric Titration - Indicate: Indirect titration with Iodine.
Dumas Method - Indicate: Determination of Nitrogen; Faster and automated compared
to Kjeldahl method. Does not use toxic catalysts; does not give true protein, it measures
the nonprotein nitrogen.
Winkler Method - Indicate: Method to measure dissolved oxygen in fresh water
systems
Wij's Method - Indicate: A method for determining the iodine number that consists in
adding a solution of iodine monochloride in glacial acetic acid and estimating the excess
of unused halogen by titration with sodium thiosulfate.
Von Weimarn Theory of Relative Supersaturation - Indicate: It involves a systematic
study of the relationship between particle size of precipitate and rate of precipitation (the
initial rate of precipitation is directly proportional to the relative supersaturation.
Qualitative Analysis - Indicate: What is present; type of analysis that reveals the
components of the sample.
Quantitative Analysis - Indicate: How much is present; Type of analysis that
determines the amount of components present in a sample
Association of Analytical Chemists AOAC - Indicate: An association of analytical
chemists, chooses a method based on accuracy, reliability, cost, complexity of sample,
and type of solvent used (water, oxidizing, non-oxidizing, etc.)
Analyte - Indicate: Is any component of a sample whose presence and/or quantity is to
be determined.
Titrimetry - Indicate: Any of the group of analytical methods that are based upon
determining the quantity of a reagent of known strength that is required to react
completely with the analyte.
Titration - Indicate: An analytical process in which a standard reagent is added to a
solution of an analyte until the reaction between the analyte and the reagent is judged to
be complete.
Direct Titration - Indicate: type of titration where the analyte reacts with the standard
solution directly
Back Titration - Indicate: type of titration where an excess standard solution is added
and the excess is determined by the addition of another standard solution.
Commonly Used Terms
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Indicate: Branch of chemistry that deals with the
separation, identification and composition of matter
Gravimetric Method - Indicate: Measurement of mass of substance that is chemically
related to the analyte
Volumetric Method - Indicate: Measures the volume of solution necessary to read
completely with the analyte.
Spectroscopic Method - Indicate: Measures the electromagnetic radiation produced by
the analyte or its interactions with it.
Electroanalytic Method - Indicate: Measures the electrical properties of the analyte
such as current, potential, resistance, and amount of charge
Kjeldahl Method - Indicate: Determination of Organic Nitrogen (Amines, Amides,
Nitriles and Nitro Group: %N or %Protein
Double Indicator Method - Indicate: To determine the composition of a soda ash
sample. Two indicators (one alkaline range one acidic) Example: Phenolphthalein
endpoint (Na2CO3 and NaOH) and methyl red endpoint (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3)
Argentometric titration - Indicate: Titration with Silver Nitrate AgNO3
Mohr Method - Indicate: Direct method for halides and cyanides; Titration is carried out
between pH of 7-10. Usually, a low concentration of chromate is desired to detect the
end point clearly since a chromate ion imparts an intense yellow color.
Volhard Method - Indicate: For the formation of a colored complexion; Direct method
for silver; Indirect method for halides; Titration is carried out in acidic condition to hasten
precipitation of ferric ion to its hydrated oxide form.
Fajan's Method - Indicate: For the formation of a colored adsorption complex; same as
Mohr's but uses DCF dichlorofluorescein; between pH 4-7, dextrin is added to prevent
excessive coagulation of the AgCl precipitate.
Liebig Method - Indicate: Determination of Cyanide, carried by the dropwise addition of
AgNO3 in a solution of a cyanide forming a soluble cyanide complex of silver
Permanganate Process - Indicate: Oxidation-Reduction Titration with KMnO4; Self-
indicating.
, Dichromate Process - Indicate: Cr2O72-+6e- -> 2Cr3+
Iodometric Titration - Indicate: Indirect titration with Iodine.
Dumas Method - Indicate: Determination of Nitrogen; Faster and automated compared
to Kjeldahl method. Does not use toxic catalysts; does not give true protein, it measures
the nonprotein nitrogen.
Winkler Method - Indicate: Method to measure dissolved oxygen in fresh water
systems
Wij's Method - Indicate: A method for determining the iodine number that consists in
adding a solution of iodine monochloride in glacial acetic acid and estimating the excess
of unused halogen by titration with sodium thiosulfate.
Von Weimarn Theory of Relative Supersaturation - Indicate: It involves a systematic
study of the relationship between particle size of precipitate and rate of precipitation (the
initial rate of precipitation is directly proportional to the relative supersaturation.
Qualitative Analysis - Indicate: What is present; type of analysis that reveals the
components of the sample.
Quantitative Analysis - Indicate: How much is present; Type of analysis that
determines the amount of components present in a sample
Association of Analytical Chemists AOAC - Indicate: An association of analytical
chemists, chooses a method based on accuracy, reliability, cost, complexity of sample,
and type of solvent used (water, oxidizing, non-oxidizing, etc.)
Analyte - Indicate: Is any component of a sample whose presence and/or quantity is to
be determined.
Titrimetry - Indicate: Any of the group of analytical methods that are based upon
determining the quantity of a reagent of known strength that is required to react
completely with the analyte.
Titration - Indicate: An analytical process in which a standard reagent is added to a
solution of an analyte until the reaction between the analyte and the reagent is judged to
be complete.
Direct Titration - Indicate: type of titration where the analyte reacts with the standard
solution directly
Back Titration - Indicate: type of titration where an excess standard solution is added
and the excess is determined by the addition of another standard solution.
