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1910.147 - Control of Hazardous Energy is a fundamental accident prevention control program that affects the control of all potential and kinetic energy. The most effective method of preventing inadvertent start up of equipment is to provide a substantial lock with rigid key control, combined with a tag and education of all personnel invovled. The least effective method of protecting personnel is the use of warning signs. 29 CFR 1910.95 - Occupational Noise Standard Absbestos Air Sampling - The sampling medium for air samples shall be a mixed cellulose ester filter membrane. To be considered asbestos fibers, the fibers counted must be longer than 5micrometers and have a length to diameters ratio of at least 3 to 1. Absolute Temperature Scales - Two absolute temperature scales are used in connection with very low temperature work. The absolute farenheight scale is called Rankine scale symbol, R. The absolute celsisu scale is called Kelvin scale, symbol K. Aerosol - suspension of liquid or solid particles in the air Ames Test - The Ames Test is a very popular quick screening test in use today. The ames test or Ames assay is named after its chief developer, Dr. Bruce Ames, a biochemist at UCLA. The test uses various strains of salmonella bacteria to screen suspect chemicals. The test does not measure carcinogenicity directly. It does however measure mutagenicity of a chemical. It is a widely accepted fact that almost all know mutagens are eventually found to be carcinogens. Anthracosis - Anthracosis is a disease of the lungs caused by prolonged inhalation of dust that contain particles of carbon and coal. Bench Grinder Spacing - Because many bench grinder wheels have broken when work has become jammed between the work rest and the wheel, the tool rest should be adjusted to within 1/8 inch of the wheel. The work rest should be adjusted within ¼ inch.Boyle's Law - Boyle's law states that at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely related. Ex.) as the pressure increases the volume decreases, etc. British Thermal Unit - The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree farenheight. Cadmium Oxide Fume Exposure - Cadmium oxide fumes can be prodcued during some silver soldering and metal coating processes. High acute cadmium fume exposure causes pnemonitis (inflammation of the lung), pulmonary edema (fluid in the lung), dyspnea (difficulty breathing), coughing, tight chest, headache, chills, muscle aches, mausea, vomiting, diarrhea and can be fatal. Capture Velocity - The minimum hood-induced air velocity necessary to capture and convey the contaminant into the hood CFR 1910.146 - Permit Required Confined Spaces. 1910.146 does not require annaual training. However, the employer must review the permit-required confined space program yearly after each entry to ensure the requirements have not changed. Copper Fume Exposure - Copper fume exposure cause metal fume fever with upper respiratory tract irritation, with a metallic or sweet taste. Critical Pressure - Point where no liquid-vapor phase transition occurs. Dilution Ventilation - Dilution ventilation is the perferred solution whne relatively non-toxic emissions are produced, when the source is mainly gases or vapors (not primarily heavy particulates) and when employees do not work in the immediate vicinity or direct path of the emission source. Dust - Particulate material generated by a mechanical process (.5-.05um) Electroplating Hazards - Electroplaters experience a high incident of contact with dermatits causing materials. This is caused by splashing and handling wet material.Fan Laws - CFM varies directly as Fan Speed TP and SP varies as the square of the fan speed HP varies as the cube of the fan speed Fume - particle aerosol formed by condensation from the vapor state (0.001-0.2 um) Gas Tungsten Arc-Welding - GTAW is a process that joins metals by heating them with an arc between a tungsten elctode and the work, shielding is obtained from a gas mixture. The process is often called TIG welding. Hygroscopic - A materials ability to absorb water. Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) - The IDLH level represents the maximum concentration from which a person could escape within 30 minutes without experiencing an escapeimpairing symptom or any irreversible adverse health effects. IDLH values are commonly used in determining respiratory protection requirements