PAG 5.1, 8.1, 8.3 Questions and Answers | Latest Version | Graded A+

PAG 5.1, 8.1, 8.3 Questions and Answers | Latest Version | Graded A+ **Question:** What is the procedure for PAG 8.3 (Effect of detergent on plasma membrane permeability)? **Answer:** To conduct PAG 8.3, follow these steps: 1. Prepare a serial dilution starting from a 10% stock solution. 2. Label beakers and test tubes with the corresponding concentrations. 3. Cut beetroot into 30mm pieces. 4. Measure 20cm3 of each concentration using a syringe and fill labeled test tubes. 5. Place the test tubes in a water bath for 2 minutes. 6. Add 2 beetroot cylinders to each test tube and return them to the water bath for 15 minutes at 30°C. 7. Label 5 cuvettes and calibrate the colorimeter with distilled water. 8. Remove beetroot from test tubes and decant fluids into cuvettes. 9. Measure absorbance for each and record results. 10. Plot a graph based on your data. **Question:** What are the independent variable (IV), dependent variable (DV), and controlled variables (CV) for PAG 8.3 (detergent concentration effect)? **Answer:** - IV: The concentration of detergent. - DV: The absorbance of each concentration (indicator of betalin release). - CV: Size of beetroot sample, volume of detergent solution, and consistent temperature. **Question:** What are some common errors associated with PAG 8.3 (Detergent concentration effect)? **Answer:** - Improper serial dilution technique (e.g., inadequate labeling). - Cross-contamination of syringes during dilution. - Variability in betalin content among beetroot samples. - Failure to dry beetroot samples properly. - Damage to plasma membrane by forceps. - Absorbance levels too high for accurate colorimeter readings. **Question:** What are detergents? **Answer:** Detergents are amphiphilic molecules capable of dissolving the plasma membrane at higher concentrations. They possess both hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties, allowing them to disrupt lipid bilayers in cell membranes. **Question:** What is the method for PAG 8.1 - investigating the water potential of a potato? **Answer:** 1. Prepare a serial dilution of sucrose starting from a 0.8 mol/dm3 stock solution. 2. Cut 6 potato pieces to approximately 30mm in length and record their masses. 3. Use a syringe to add 20cm3 of each sucrose concentration into labeled test tubes. 4. Place a potato piece into each test tube and seal with a bung. 5. Allow the experiment to sit