Research Methods, Dr. Barnhardt FAU Exam 1 Study Guide Graded A 2024

evidence-based treatment - a psychotherapy technique whose effectiveness has been supported by empirical research. empiricism - the use of verifiable evidence as the basis for conclusions; collecting data systematically and using it to develop, support, or challenge a theory theory - a statement or set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another hypothesis - a statement of the specific result the researcher expects to observe from a particular study, if the theory is accurate data - a set of observations representing the values of some variable, collected from one or more research studies preregistered - a term referring to a study in which, before collecting any data, the researcher has stated publicly what the study's outcome is supposed to be replication - the process of conducting a study again to test whether the result is significant weight of the evidence - a conclusion drawn from reviewing scientific literature and considering the proportion of studies that is consistent with a theory falsifiability - a feature of a scientific theory, in which it is possible to collect data that will prove the theory wrong universalism - one of Merton's four scientific norms, stating that scientific claims are evaluated according to their merit, independent of the researcher's credentials or reputation. the same preestablished criteria apply to all scientists and all research communality - one of Merton's four scientific norms, stating that scientific knowledge is created by a community, and its findings belong to the community disinterestedness - one of Merton's four scientific norms, stating that scientists strive to find the truth whatever it is: they are not swayed by conviction, idealism, politics, or profit organized skepticism - one of Merton's four scientific norms, stating that scientists question everything, including their own theories, widely accepted ideas, and "ancient wisdom" self-correcting - a process in which scientists make their research available for peer review, replication, and critique, with the goal of identifying and correcting errors in the research applied research - research whose goal is to find a solution to a particular real-world problem basic research - research whose goal is to enhance the general body of knowledge, without regard for direct application to practical problems translational research - research that uses knowledge derived from basic research to develop and test solutions to real-world problems journal - a monthly or quarterly periodical containing peer-reviewed articles on a specific academic discipline or subdiscipline, written for a scholarly audience journalism - news and commentary published or broadcast in the popular media and produced for a general audience comparison group - a group in an experiment whose levels on the independent variable differ from those of the treatment group in some intended and meaningful way