ENTD 200 week 7 Test Questions and Answers

Sequence Structure - ANS a set of statements that execute in the order that they appear Loops - ANS The computational concept of running the same sequence multiple times. Selection structure - ANS the control structure that directs the computer to make a decision and then take the appropriate action based on that decision; also called the decision structure Nesting structures - ANS the act of placing a structure within another structure Stacking structures - ANS the act of attaching structures end to end Block Programming - ANS When a programmer strings together a group of similar programs. End-structure statements - ANS designate the ends of pseudocode structures. Single-alternative - ANS A ________ decision structure provides only one alternative path of execution. While loop (While...Do) - ANS statements that continue to execute while a condition remains true. (Farrell, 2013) Unstructured programs - ANS Programs that use spaghetti code logic are unstructured programs; that is, they do not follow the rules of structured logic. Structure - ANS A basic unit of programming logic; each structure is a sequence, selection, or loop. Assignment operator - ANS An equal sign Assisgnement Statements - ANS A statement in which any operation performed to the right of the equal sign results in a value that is placed in the memory location to the left of the equal sign. Camel casing - ANS A variable naming convection in which the first letter of a variable name is lower case and any words that followed in the variable name begin with an upper case letter, making the name easier to read. Compiler/ Interpreter - ANS Language translation software that converts a programmer's statements to binary form. Data - ANS Through hardware devices, data, or facts, enter the computer system Declare the variable - ANS Provide the program with a data type and an identifier. Identifier - ANS A variable name is also called an _____________ Information - ANS After data items have been processed, they become _________________. Input - ANS Hardware devices that perform input operations include keyboards and mice. Garbage Value - ANS Uninitialized variables have an unknown value. Logic - ANS Making sure you give the instructions to the computer in a specific sequence, not leaving any instructions out, and not adding extraneous instructions. Logical errors - ANS Statements that have correct syntax but are out of sequence or ask the computer to perform operations in a wrong order. Named constants - ANS Similar to a variable, except that, unlike a variable that can be assigned different values over time, a named constant can be assigned a value only once. Numeric constant (Literal numeric constant, unnamed numeric constant - ANS A specific numeric value. Numeric Variable - ANS Can have mathematical operations performed on it; it can hold digits, and can usually hold a decimal point and a sign indicating positive or negative if you want. Pascal casing - ANS Each word in a variable name begins with an upper case letter. String Casing - ANS Using a specific text value, or string of characters, such as "Amanda", within quotation marks. String Variable - ANS A separate type of variable that can hold letters of the alphabet and other special characters such as punctuation marks. Syntax - ANS The rules governing a computer language's word usage and punctuation. Variables - ANS Named memory locations whose contents can vary over time. Comparison operator - ANS _____________ ______________compare an expression to determine a true or false statement Repetition structure - ANS A statement/set of statements to execute repeatedly Counter - ANS is a variable which counts the number of times a particular event has occured. Accumulative Variable - ANS _______ ________ is a numeric variable used for accumulating something. while loop syntax - ANS while a condition is true, do some task Do-While loop - ANS Do some task, while condition is true Do-Until Loop - ANS Do some task, while a condition is false (or until it's true) Sentinels - ANS _______ is a special value that marks the end of a list of values, used as stop values for loop Nest Loop - ANS A loop inside of a loop programming languages - ANS A ___________ _____________ is a set of rules for giving instructions to a Operating Systems - ANS This is the software that controls the computer's inner workings. Terminal - ANS This is a program that allows you to interact with the OS, and it is often referred to as the console or command line. You use a terminal (rather than going through a GUI) to issue clear, concise, text-based commands to the OS to quickly perform tasks. Text Editors - ANS A ____ ______ is a program designed for writing and editing code. An integrated development environment (IDE) - ANS An ____ _______ ______ is a text editor with powerful project management features. Strings - ANS A ______ is a value made up of one or more characters, surrounded by single or double quotes. Comments - ANS A _______ is a line of text that's ignored by the Python interpreter. Comments allow you to leave notes for yourself or others inside a program. What are the two main types of numerical data? - ANS - An integer, or int, is a number that doesn't have a decimal point. - A float is a number that does. List - ANS a collection of items in a specific order. Square brackets( "[ ]" ) indicate this Numerical Lists - ANS The range() function generates a series of numbers. Giving range() one argument returns a series of numbers from 0 up to, not including, the number: >>> nums = list(range(5)) >>> nums [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] List Comprehensions - ANS A list comprehension is a compact way of defining a list in one line: >>> nums = [10**exp for exp in range(5)] >>> nums [1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000] Tuples - ANS A _______ is an ordered collection of items that can't be modified. It is usually indicated by parentheses ( "( )" ) Dictionary - ANS A _________ is a set of items; each item consists of a key and a value. You define a dictionary using braces ( "{ }" )