NURS 2260 IV Infusion Therapy Practice Questions with Correct Answers

Crystalloids - most commonly used - contains solutes that mix, dissolve and cross semi-permeable membranes - vary in tonicity Ex: glucose in water (D5W), sodium chloride (NS), lactate Ringer's (RL) solutions Colloids - Contain protein or startch - do not cross semi-permeable membranes ---- therefore remains suspended and distributed in the extracellular space (ECF) (mostly intravascular space) for us pto several days - increases osmotic pressure in intravascular space drawing fulids to increase vascular volume - used in acute blood loss, ex trauma Ex: dextran, pentastartch, hetastarch, human plasma derivatives such as albumin, plasma proteins, blood TPN total parenteral nutrition - nutritionally adequate hypertonic solution consisting of glucose, other nutrients, and electrolytes Students not allowed to do much with TPN examples of isotonic solutinos - Lactate Ringers (RL) - Normal Saline (0.9%) - Dextrose 5% Water ****isotonic but physiologically hypotonic because the dextrose is quickly metabolized MOvement of fluid in body when give a hypotonic solution - fluid shifts from ECF to ICF Examples of hypotonic solutions NaCl 0.45% Examples when hypertonic solutions are used hyponatremia hypovolemia Examples of hypertonic solutions D10%W ***but also physiologically hypotonic bc dextrose is metabolized NaCl 3%