Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Ethnography is
A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings.
B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.
C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.
D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country.
E. the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.
2. Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue
or problem.
B. is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by
cultural anthropologists.
D. is a product of the participant observation approach.
E. places it in the humanities.
3. Ethnology is
A. the study of human speech sounds.
B. the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
C. the most important subfield of anthropology.
D. the study of ancient ethnic groups.
E. a synonym for ethnography.
4. What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology?
A. Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology
B. Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology
C. Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology
D. Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguistic anthropology
E. Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology
5. What do anthropological archaeologists study?
A. Language
B. Race
C. Biological adaptation
D. Modern cultural diversity
E. Material remains
6. President Barack Obama's mother, Dr. Ann Dunham, was a(n)
A. primatologist.
B. cultural and applied anthropologist.
C. biological anthropologist.
D. medical anthropologist.
E. archaeologist.
7. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?
A. It has a holistic approach.
B. It has a broad cross-cultural comparison.
C. It is the study of human biology, culture, and language.
D. It is a science and a humanity.
E. It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures.
,8. Biological anthropologists study all of the following except
A. ancient languages.
B. human biological plasticity.
C. primates.
D. human evolution.
E. human genetics.
9. The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is
A. paleoanthropology.
B. paleoecology.
C. garbology.
D. social archaeology.
E. adaptive anthropology.
10. Which of the following statements about anthropology is not true?
A. Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.
B. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition.
C. Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability.
D. Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human
behaviors.
E. Anthropology offers a comparative, cross-cultural perspective to the study of the human condition.
11. What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society?
A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people.
B. People share society with other animals, but culture is distinctly human.
C. Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning.
D. People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native
land.
E. Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does.
12. What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses?
A. Ethnology
B. Ethnography
C. Cultural resource management
D. Adaptation
E. Phenotype
13. The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at
very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation.
B. long-term physiological adaptation.
C. short-term physiological adaptation.
D. cultural adaptation.
E. archaeological adaptation.
14. The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation.
B. long-term physiological adaptation.
C. short-term physiological adaptation.
D. cultural adaptation.
E. archaeological adaptation.
15. A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable
explanations of phenomena is
A. culture.
B. religion.
C. humanities.
D. science.
E. folk lore.
,16. Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology?
A. How are the Neandertals related to us?
B. Where did Native Americans come from?
C. When and where did food production first begin?
D. How much beer do people in Arizona drink today?
E. Where do ideals of attractiveness come from?
17. What is a biocultural perspective?
A. The notion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptation.
B. The inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches.
C. Using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological change.
D. It is synonymous with scientific research.
E. The idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play football.
18. Which of the following countries is least likely to send female swimmers to the Olympics?
A. United States
B. Germany
C. the Netherlands
D. Norway
E. Brazil
19. Rathje's garbology project
A. studies the stratification of landfills.
B. is archaeology of modern people.
C. answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find.
D. is a study of potsherds.
E. was conducted in ancient Egypt.
20. A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is a(n)
A. paleoanthropologist.
B. archaeologist.
C. ethnologist.
D. treasure hunter.
E. primatologist.
21. The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is called
A. historic linguistics.
B. applied linguistics.
C. cultural resource management.
D. adaptation.
E. sociolinguistics.
22. The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as
A. applied anthropology.
B. economic anthropology.
C. conceptual anthropology.
D. sociobiology.
E. participant observation.
23. Cultural resource management is an example of applied
A. ethnology.
B. biological anthropology.
C. archaeology.
D. linguistic anthropology.
E. ethnography.
, 24. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it
A. has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies.
B. deals with human culture.
C. does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity.
D. now focuses on industrial societies.
E. studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.
25. An anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most
likely a(n)
A. cultural anthropologist.
B. linguistic anthropologist.
C. paleoanthropologist.
D. archaeological anthropologist.
E. biological anthropologist.
26. What themes and interests unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology? In your answer, refer to
historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States.
27. Define both ethnography and ethnology. Discuss the importance of both and their relationship in
anthropology.
28. What are the four subdisciplines of anthropology? Define each subdiscipline and give one example of
something each might study.
29. How can culture change the growth and development of an individual's physical body? Include at least
one example.
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Ethnography is
A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings.
B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.
C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.
D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country.
E. the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.
2. Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue
or problem.
B. is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by
cultural anthropologists.
D. is a product of the participant observation approach.
E. places it in the humanities.
3. Ethnology is
A. the study of human speech sounds.
B. the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
C. the most important subfield of anthropology.
D. the study of ancient ethnic groups.
E. a synonym for ethnography.
4. What are the four main subdisciplines of anthropology?
A. Medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology
B. Archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology
C. Biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology
D. Genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguistic anthropology
E. Primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology
5. What do anthropological archaeologists study?
A. Language
B. Race
C. Biological adaptation
D. Modern cultural diversity
E. Material remains
6. President Barack Obama's mother, Dr. Ann Dunham, was a(n)
A. primatologist.
B. cultural and applied anthropologist.
C. biological anthropologist.
D. medical anthropologist.
E. archaeologist.
7. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of four-field anthropology?
A. It has a holistic approach.
B. It has a broad cross-cultural comparison.
C. It is the study of human biology, culture, and language.
D. It is a science and a humanity.
E. It has an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures.
,8. Biological anthropologists study all of the following except
A. ancient languages.
B. human biological plasticity.
C. primates.
D. human evolution.
E. human genetics.
9. The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is
A. paleoanthropology.
B. paleoecology.
C. garbology.
D. social archaeology.
E. adaptive anthropology.
10. Which of the following statements about anthropology is not true?
A. Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.
B. Anthropology studies the whole of the human condition.
C. Anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability.
D. Anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human
behaviors.
E. Anthropology offers a comparative, cross-cultural perspective to the study of the human condition.
11. What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society?
A. Culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people.
B. People share society with other animals, but culture is distinctly human.
C. Culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning.
D. People attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native
land.
E. Society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does.
12. What is the term for the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses?
A. Ethnology
B. Ethnography
C. Cultural resource management
D. Adaptation
E. Phenotype
13. The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at
very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation.
B. long-term physiological adaptation.
C. short-term physiological adaptation.
D. cultural adaptation.
E. archaeological adaptation.
14. The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)
A. genetic adaptation.
B. long-term physiological adaptation.
C. short-term physiological adaptation.
D. cultural adaptation.
E. archaeological adaptation.
15. A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable
explanations of phenomena is
A. culture.
B. religion.
C. humanities.
D. science.
E. folk lore.
,16. Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology?
A. How are the Neandertals related to us?
B. Where did Native Americans come from?
C. When and where did food production first begin?
D. How much beer do people in Arizona drink today?
E. Where do ideals of attractiveness come from?
17. What is a biocultural perspective?
A. The notion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptation.
B. The inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches.
C. Using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological change.
D. It is synonymous with scientific research.
E. The idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play football.
18. Which of the following countries is least likely to send female swimmers to the Olympics?
A. United States
B. Germany
C. the Netherlands
D. Norway
E. Brazil
19. Rathje's garbology project
A. studies the stratification of landfills.
B. is archaeology of modern people.
C. answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find.
D. is a study of potsherds.
E. was conducted in ancient Egypt.
20. A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is a(n)
A. paleoanthropologist.
B. archaeologist.
C. ethnologist.
D. treasure hunter.
E. primatologist.
21. The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is called
A. historic linguistics.
B. applied linguistics.
C. cultural resource management.
D. adaptation.
E. sociolinguistics.
22. The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as
A. applied anthropology.
B. economic anthropology.
C. conceptual anthropology.
D. sociobiology.
E. participant observation.
23. Cultural resource management is an example of applied
A. ethnology.
B. biological anthropology.
C. archaeology.
D. linguistic anthropology.
E. ethnography.
, 24. Anthropology is a holistic discipline in that it
A. has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies.
B. deals with human culture.
C. does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity.
D. now focuses on industrial societies.
E. studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.
25. An anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka. She or he is most
likely a(n)
A. cultural anthropologist.
B. linguistic anthropologist.
C. paleoanthropologist.
D. archaeological anthropologist.
E. biological anthropologist.
26. What themes and interests unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology? In your answer, refer to
historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States.
27. Define both ethnography and ethnology. Discuss the importance of both and their relationship in
anthropology.
28. What are the four subdisciplines of anthropology? Define each subdiscipline and give one example of
something each might study.
29. How can culture change the growth and development of an individual's physical body? Include at least
one example.
