AQA Psychology: Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology Exam (2024) || All Questions & 100% Correct Answers (Rated A+)

AQA Psychology: Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology Exam (2024) || All Questions & 100% Correct Answers (Rated A+) AQA Psychology: Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology Exam (2024) || All Questions & 100% Correct Answers (Rated A+) What is meant by the term 'informed consent'? - ANSWER - Fully informed. Ps receive all details of intended research. If below 16 or mentally disabled (e.g. incapable of giving informed consent) it can be gained from parents/guardians. What does retrospective consent mean? - ANSWER - Asked to give consent after study has taken place What does presumptive consent mean? - ANSWER - Informed consent is gained from non-Ps (e.g. people similar to them) without revealing hypothesis to real Ps. It is presumed that if similar people consent, then so too will the real Ps. What does prior general consent mean? - ANSWER - This involves informing the P that they may be deceived in some way. The P then has a choice whether or not to consent to these terms. What is meant by the 'right to privacy'? - ANSWER - Ps have a right to expect any information will be treated confidentially and identities will not be revealed. What is the guideline of avoiding deception in psychological research? - ANSWER - Ps should not be deceived or misled: informed consent is not possible if this occurs. What is the principle of protection from harm? - ANSWER - Ps should not incur harm. Debriefing helps reduce risk What is the guideline of the right to withdraw in psychological research? - ANSWER - Ps must be informed of their right to withdraw at any stage. What is the guideline of debriefing in psychological research? - ANSWER - Ps are told all details of research, reassured about performance. Right to withdraw emphasised. What are the methods of dealing with confidentiality? - ANSWER - Avoid collecting personal details from Ps. Researchers should maintain P anonymity, such as by using numbers or false names to identify Ps. What are the methods of dealing with the right to withdraw? - ANSWER - Researchers should make sure that the Ps are told at the beginning of the research that if they feel uncomfortable with the research procedures, they can withdraw from the study at any point. This can be repeated in the debrief. Pressure should not be put on Ps to continue in a study (e.g. Milgram) or made to feel like their payment is dependent on it. What are the methods of dealing with protection from psychological / physical harm? - ANSWER - Terminate Research. Researchers should not conduct research where harm is likely and terminate research where Ps are experiencing psychological harm. Offer full debrief. Allow Ps to have unlimited follow up after the study. Researchers should use the debriefing to ensure that all Ps are leaving the research in the same state in which they entered. What are the methods of dealing with debriefing?