BIO 169 Exam 2 Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024

Functions of the Circulatory system - Transport - RBCs & plasma Protection - WBC Regulation - Plasma Components of the Circulatory system - Heart, blood, blood vessels Physical properties and components of blood - liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix -plasma (matrix of blood) -formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets. Leukoctyes are also known as - White blood cells Erythroctyes are also known as - Red blood cells Neutrophil (granuloctye) - - most numerous type of leukocyte -multilobed nuclei - 60-70% of white blood cells -increased numbers in bacterial infection Eosinophil (granuloctye) - -fight paracytes -bilobed nuclei -2-4% of white blood cells Basophil (granulocyte) - -bilobed nuclei, BUT their nuclei are often obscured by their dark granules -.5-1% of white blood cells - contains chemicals HISTAMINE (speeds blood flow)/ HEPERINE (promotes clotting) - increased numbers in chicken pox, sinusitis, and diabetes Lymphoctyes (agranules) - -responsible for fighting diseases -responsible for making memory cells -T-cells, B-cells, NK Cells -large sperical nuclei - 25-30% of white blood cells Monoctyes (agranules) - - have "U" shaped nuclei -become macrophages after leaving the blood 2-8% of white blood cells -increased numbers in viral infection and inflammation Platelets - small cell fragments of megakaryocytes involved in blood clotting Albumin (plasma protein 1/3) - -formed by liver -contributes to viscosity and osmolarity -influences blood pressure , flow, and fluid balance Globulin (plasma protein 2/3) (antibodies) - -formed by plasma cells (WBCs) -provide immune system functions Fibrinogen (plasma protein 3/3) - -formed by liver -precursor of fibrin threads that help form blood clots Nutrients in blood plasma - Glucose, vitamins, fat, cholesterol, phospholipids, minerals Wastes in blood plasma - urea, uric acid, metabolic waste, pharmacological waste Electrolytes in blood plasma Dissolved in blood plasma - - Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, K+ -O2, CO2, nitrogen In a hematocrit measurment, list the components from heaviest to lightest - Erythrocytes (45% of blood), Buffy Coat (1% including WBCs and platelets), Plasma (55% of blood) Hemopoiesis - production of blood, especially it's formed elements