ANSC 1401 Sam Jackson Final Exam
Questions And Answers (Updated And
Verified)
Livestock Domestication (@10,000 yrs ago)
initiated after the development of farming; created the support for civilization
Mendel's Laws (1866)
provided an understanding of inheritance principles
Breed Associations (20th century)
created organized infrastructure for the utilization of genetic prediction tools and advancement of
controlled populations
Molecular Biology Discoveries (present)
technologies with the capability of replacing and/or supplementing traditional animal breeding
practices
genetics
the science of heredity
animal breeding
the application of scientific knowledge to the genetic improvement of animals
natural selection
random mating of animals in nature independent of man's control
- promotes reproductive fitness
- truest form of environmental adaptation
artificial selection
human intervention process whereby parents are chosen and the extent of their prolificacy is
controlled
- increased likelihood of generation superiority
- achievement of a specific goal
- improvement in production efficiency
- vulnerability to negative genetic correlations
breeding objective
a goal focused on attainment of the most ideal traits for the breeding program or production system
breeding program
selection of the most desirable animals for propagation of superior genetics
qualitative trait
a categorical trait which can not be measured and is generally controlled by only one or a few genes
, quantitative trait
a continuous trait which can be measured and is controlled by numerous additive genes
expression equation
P+G+E
Penotype (P)
an observable or quantifiable expression of a trait (ex: red, 80 lb, BW)
Genotype (G)
the genetic makeup of an individual
Environment (E)
all non-genetic factors which influence phenotype (ex: nutrition, health, weather)
heritability
probability that a trait will be in the offspring
expected progeny difference
-the difference in performance to be expected from future progeny of an individual compared to the
average
-difference implies a genetic comparison
-EPDs only address genetic differences
inbreeding
the mating of relatives; which results in increasing the number of homozygous gene combinations
crossbreeding
the mating of different breeds; results in increasing the number of heterozygous gene combinations
(heterosis)
heterosis
an increase in the performance of hybrids over the average performance of the parents
concentrates
high in energy, low in fiber, highly digestible
-carbonaceous: low in protein; cereal grains (ex: corn & wheat)
-nitrogenous: high in protein; oil meals (ex: cottonseed meal, soybean meal
roughages
low in energy, high in fiber, less digestible
-carbonaceous: low in protein; mature grass hay, stover, mature cereal grain silage
-nitrogenous: high in protein; legume hay and silage, growing pasture and silage
Questions And Answers (Updated And
Verified)
Livestock Domestication (@10,000 yrs ago)
initiated after the development of farming; created the support for civilization
Mendel's Laws (1866)
provided an understanding of inheritance principles
Breed Associations (20th century)
created organized infrastructure for the utilization of genetic prediction tools and advancement of
controlled populations
Molecular Biology Discoveries (present)
technologies with the capability of replacing and/or supplementing traditional animal breeding
practices
genetics
the science of heredity
animal breeding
the application of scientific knowledge to the genetic improvement of animals
natural selection
random mating of animals in nature independent of man's control
- promotes reproductive fitness
- truest form of environmental adaptation
artificial selection
human intervention process whereby parents are chosen and the extent of their prolificacy is
controlled
- increased likelihood of generation superiority
- achievement of a specific goal
- improvement in production efficiency
- vulnerability to negative genetic correlations
breeding objective
a goal focused on attainment of the most ideal traits for the breeding program or production system
breeding program
selection of the most desirable animals for propagation of superior genetics
qualitative trait
a categorical trait which can not be measured and is generally controlled by only one or a few genes
, quantitative trait
a continuous trait which can be measured and is controlled by numerous additive genes
expression equation
P+G+E
Penotype (P)
an observable or quantifiable expression of a trait (ex: red, 80 lb, BW)
Genotype (G)
the genetic makeup of an individual
Environment (E)
all non-genetic factors which influence phenotype (ex: nutrition, health, weather)
heritability
probability that a trait will be in the offspring
expected progeny difference
-the difference in performance to be expected from future progeny of an individual compared to the
average
-difference implies a genetic comparison
-EPDs only address genetic differences
inbreeding
the mating of relatives; which results in increasing the number of homozygous gene combinations
crossbreeding
the mating of different breeds; results in increasing the number of heterozygous gene combinations
(heterosis)
heterosis
an increase in the performance of hybrids over the average performance of the parents
concentrates
high in energy, low in fiber, highly digestible
-carbonaceous: low in protein; cereal grains (ex: corn & wheat)
-nitrogenous: high in protein; oil meals (ex: cottonseed meal, soybean meal
roughages
low in energy, high in fiber, less digestible
-carbonaceous: low in protein; mature grass hay, stover, mature cereal grain silage
-nitrogenous: high in protein; legume hay and silage, growing pasture and silage
