General Biology Notes:
● Buffalo when hunted, below less often.
● Bacteria and other infectious agents that cause harm to their human hosts are called pathogens.
● Epidemic: A disease that occurs in an unusually high number of individuals in a population at
the same time.
● Pandemic is a more widespread epidemic.
● Endemic disease is a disease that is always present, usually at low incidence in a population.
● Deer tick is the primary carrier of lyme disease. 95% all cases in northern states.
● As Northeast is becoming more humid and warmer, it provides an environment increasingly
more conducive, ticks latch on to humans.
● In the Southeast, ticks live closer to the ground.
● Lone Star ticks carry ehrlichiosis, a disease which mostly causes fatigues and aches.
● Population will increase nearly two fold.
● Ecology is the study of the interactions of living organisms with their environment.
● Ecologists interested in the factors that influence the survival of an endangered species might
use mathematical models to predict how current conservation efforts affect endangered
organisms.
● To produce a sound set of management options, a conservation biologist needs to collect
accurate data, including current population size, factors affecting reproduction (like physiology
and behavior), habitat requirements (such as plants and soils), and potential human influences
on the endangered population and its habitat (which might be derived through studies in
sociology and urban ecology).
● These levels are organism, population, community, and ecosystem.
● These adaptations can be morphological, physiological, and behavioral.
● A population is a group of interbreeding organisms that are members of the same species
living in the same area at the same time. (Organisms that are all members of the same species
are called conspecifics.)
● A biological community consists of the different species within an area, typically a
three-dimensional space, and the interactions within and among these species.
● Ecologists also study interactions between various species; members of different species are
called heterospecifics. Examples of heterospecific interactions include predation, parasitism,
herbivory, competition, and pollination.
● Ecosystem ecology is an extension of organismal, population, and community ecology. The
ecosystem is composed of all the biotic components (living things) in an area along with the
abiotic components (nonliving things) of that area.
, ● Deer ticks are the primary vectors (a vector is an organism that transmits a pathogen) for this
disease.
● In the early 1970s a group of children and adults in Lyme, Connecticut, and the surrounding
areas were suffering from some puzzling and debilitating health issues. Their symptoms
included swollen knees, paralysis, skin rashes, headaches, and severe chronic fatigue. Visits with
doctors and hospital stays had become all too common
● A bacterium called a spirochete, carried by ticks, was causing Lyme. The medical community
honored Dr. Burgdorfer’s discovery in 1982 by naming the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
● Lyme disease is one of the fastest-growing vector-borne infections in the United States with
~500,000 new cases of Lyme disease each year.
● While it was primarily an East Coast phenomenon in the beginning, it has since been reported
in all states except Hawaii. And diagnostic tools are still unreliable—as of yet there is no
definitive cure for those with late-stage Lyme.
● In the Hudson Valley, one tick bite can infect people with Lyme disease, babesiosis, and
anaplasmosis.
● Deer tick: Arachnid.
● Bulls eye rash: Indicator of infection.
● Vector: White footed deer mouse. Carrying the spiral key, why the bacteria is called that, from
an infected tick.
● Eggs aren’t vectors. Nymphs, larva, adults are vectors. Nymph attach to birds and small
rodents. Adults would be killed by rodents. Ticks attach to organisms of the size that can’t kill
it. In winter, ticks will be under leaves.
● Lizards are immune to ticks, because they don’t have any hair.
Big Ideas of Biology:
Evolution: The diversity of life evolved over time by processes of mutation, selection, and
genetic change.
Structure and function: Basic units of structure define the function of all living things.
Information flow, exchange, and storage: The growth and behavior of organisms that are
activated through the expression of genetic information in context.
● Buffalo when hunted, below less often.
● Bacteria and other infectious agents that cause harm to their human hosts are called pathogens.
● Epidemic: A disease that occurs in an unusually high number of individuals in a population at
the same time.
● Pandemic is a more widespread epidemic.
● Endemic disease is a disease that is always present, usually at low incidence in a population.
● Deer tick is the primary carrier of lyme disease. 95% all cases in northern states.
● As Northeast is becoming more humid and warmer, it provides an environment increasingly
more conducive, ticks latch on to humans.
● In the Southeast, ticks live closer to the ground.
● Lone Star ticks carry ehrlichiosis, a disease which mostly causes fatigues and aches.
● Population will increase nearly two fold.
● Ecology is the study of the interactions of living organisms with their environment.
● Ecologists interested in the factors that influence the survival of an endangered species might
use mathematical models to predict how current conservation efforts affect endangered
organisms.
● To produce a sound set of management options, a conservation biologist needs to collect
accurate data, including current population size, factors affecting reproduction (like physiology
and behavior), habitat requirements (such as plants and soils), and potential human influences
on the endangered population and its habitat (which might be derived through studies in
sociology and urban ecology).
● These levels are organism, population, community, and ecosystem.
● These adaptations can be morphological, physiological, and behavioral.
● A population is a group of interbreeding organisms that are members of the same species
living in the same area at the same time. (Organisms that are all members of the same species
are called conspecifics.)
● A biological community consists of the different species within an area, typically a
three-dimensional space, and the interactions within and among these species.
● Ecologists also study interactions between various species; members of different species are
called heterospecifics. Examples of heterospecific interactions include predation, parasitism,
herbivory, competition, and pollination.
● Ecosystem ecology is an extension of organismal, population, and community ecology. The
ecosystem is composed of all the biotic components (living things) in an area along with the
abiotic components (nonliving things) of that area.
, ● Deer ticks are the primary vectors (a vector is an organism that transmits a pathogen) for this
disease.
● In the early 1970s a group of children and adults in Lyme, Connecticut, and the surrounding
areas were suffering from some puzzling and debilitating health issues. Their symptoms
included swollen knees, paralysis, skin rashes, headaches, and severe chronic fatigue. Visits with
doctors and hospital stays had become all too common
● A bacterium called a spirochete, carried by ticks, was causing Lyme. The medical community
honored Dr. Burgdorfer’s discovery in 1982 by naming the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
● Lyme disease is one of the fastest-growing vector-borne infections in the United States with
~500,000 new cases of Lyme disease each year.
● While it was primarily an East Coast phenomenon in the beginning, it has since been reported
in all states except Hawaii. And diagnostic tools are still unreliable—as of yet there is no
definitive cure for those with late-stage Lyme.
● In the Hudson Valley, one tick bite can infect people with Lyme disease, babesiosis, and
anaplasmosis.
● Deer tick: Arachnid.
● Bulls eye rash: Indicator of infection.
● Vector: White footed deer mouse. Carrying the spiral key, why the bacteria is called that, from
an infected tick.
● Eggs aren’t vectors. Nymphs, larva, adults are vectors. Nymph attach to birds and small
rodents. Adults would be killed by rodents. Ticks attach to organisms of the size that can’t kill
it. In winter, ticks will be under leaves.
● Lizards are immune to ticks, because they don’t have any hair.
Big Ideas of Biology:
Evolution: The diversity of life evolved over time by processes of mutation, selection, and
genetic change.
Structure and function: Basic units of structure define the function of all living things.
Information flow, exchange, and storage: The growth and behavior of organisms that are
activated through the expression of genetic information in context.
