BIO 211- Iowa State University Biederman - Exam 1 Questions And Answers Rated A+

"Biologists practice evidence-based decision making." This statement means that: Biologists start by stating a hypothesis and a null hypothesis, without making prior observations because that might lead to bias. Biologists select between a hypothesis and a null hypothesis based on careful thought without data Biologists select between a hypothesis and a null hypothesis based on experiemental or observational data Only careful experimentation allows biologists to select between a hypothesis and a null hypothesis - Biologists select between a hypothesis and a null hypothesis based on experiemental or observational data According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food? The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide The host cell would have been poisoned if it had digested the engulfed cell The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose. The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive. - The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). All of the following are structures that help protists move EXCEPT: flagella gliding slime loofacyte pseudopodia cilia - loofacyteAnimal-like protists __________ their food. - ingest Approximately, how many years did the prokaryotes have the planet to themselves (before eukaryotes evolved)? 1 billion years 3.5 billiion years 3.5 million years 2.1 billion years 1 million years - 1 billion years Cell organelles which are the result of endosymbiosis include_____. - mitochondria, chloroplasts Chemo-organoheterotrophs (heterotrophs) get their energy from ________ and their carbon from _____. the sun; other organisms other organisms; other organisms the sun; CO2 inorganic molecules; other organisms inorganic molecules; CO2 other organisms; CO2 - other organisms; other organisms Convergent evolution leads to homology (T/F) - False Diatoms are mostly asexual members of the phytoplankton. They obtain their nutrients from functional chloroplasts, and each diatom is encased within two porous, glass-like valves. Which question would be most important for one interested in the day-to-day survival of individual diatoms? How do diatoms with their glass-like valves keep from sinking into poorly lit waters?How does carbon dioxide get into these protists with their glass like valves? How do diatoms get transported from one location on the water's surface layers to another location on the surface? How do diatoms with their glass-like valves avoid being shattered by the action of waves? How do diatom sperm cells locate diatom egg cells? - How do diatoms with their glass-like valves keep from sinking into poorly lit waters? Drug resistance can spread through bacteria populations through__________. - conjugation transformation transduction gene transfer differential survival Early life in the ocean is thought to have been aerobic and photosynthetic anaerobic and photosynthetic anaerobic and heterotrophic aerobic and lithotrophic aerobic and heterotrophic anaerobic and lithotrophic - anaerobic and heterotrophic Eukaryotic cells evolved _____________ years ago. - 2.1 billion years ago Extant means this species still lives on earth. (T/F) - True Fungi-like protists ___________ their food. - absorbGenetic transfer techniques are important because they introduce genetic diversity into prokaryote populations. (t/f) - true Genetic transfer techniques are important because they introduce genetic diversity into prokaryote populations. (t/f) - true Gram negative (gram-) bacteria ________ susceptible to penicillin. are are not - are not Gram positive (gram+) bacteria ______ susceptible to penicillin. are are not - are Groundhogs (Marmota monax) and Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) are both within one group North American mammals. They have similar body plans (short-legged, brown-haired, and quadruped) and both are predominantly herbivores. This is an example of Groundhog Muskrat (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Homology Heteroscedasticity Homoplasy Homoscedasticity Homologous pairs - Homology Because they share a recent common ancestor (both are N.American mammals)Groundhogs (Marmota monax) are North American mammals and wombats (Vombatus ursinus) are Australian marsupials. Despite this difference in origin, both have similar body plans (short-legged, brown-haired, and quadruped) and both are predominantly herbivores. This is an example of Groundhog Wombat Heteroscedasticity Homoplasy Homologous pairs Homology Homoscedasticity - Homoplasy Because the wombat is a marsupial (has a pouch) and the groundhog is not they do not share a common recent ancestor, but they have similar adaptations. This is an example of homoplasy Haploid cells have 2 copies of DNA: one from the organism's biological mother & one from the organism's biological father. (t/f) - false haploid cells have 1 copy of DNA how do bacteria reproduce? - binary fission If you were building a phylogenic tree of insects, which of the following would be the best out group? Spiders Ants Butterflies Beetles - spiders In addition to mitochondria and chloroplasts, eukaryotic cells have all of the following features EXCEPTa ring of DNA other membrane bound organelles nucleus linear chromosomes - a ring of DNA In prokaryotes the acquisition of foreign DNA following infection by a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) is called_______ - transduction In prokaryotes the uptake and incorporation of foreign DNA from the environment is called_____________. - transformation In some cases an observational study is more appropriate than an experiment. (T/F) - True Lithoautotrophs get their carbon from _________ and their energy from ______________________. - CO2, inorganic molecules Lithoheterotrophs get their energy from _______ and their carbon from _______. the sun; other organisms other organisms; CO2 inorganic molecules; other organisms other organisms; other organisms the sun; CO2 inorganic molecules; CO2 - inorganic molecules; other organisms Malaria and Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness) travel from humans to humans through what mechanism? insect vectorsinfected water miasma (bad air) sexual contact - insect vectors Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by _________. - binary fission Mitochondria and chloroplasts have linear chromosomes (t/f) - false Mitochondria and chloroplasts have linear chromosomes (t/f) - false Name an important feature of eukaryotic cells. - mitochondria nucleus internal membrane systems membrane-bound organelles chloroplasts (if photosynthetic) name and describe a way bacteria gain genetic diversity - tranformation (cells picking up DNA in environment) transduction (viruses transfer DNA from one cell to another Conjugation (pili connect two living cells and they swap DNA name metabolism types shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes - phtotoautrophs chemoorganoheterotrophs Name the process that takes carbon dioxide (CO2) + water (H20) + sun to make sugar (C6H12O6) - photosynthesis obligate aerobes are poisoned by oxygenneither require nor are poisoned by oxygen can use oxygen, but don't NEED it require oxygen - require oxygen Organisms that do not use oxygen (O2), but are not poisoned by it are called_____. Aerotolerant anaerobes Obligate aerobes Obligate anaerobes Facultative anaerobes - Aerotolerant anaerobes Organoautotrophs get their energy from _________ and their carbon from_________. the sun; CO2 inorganic molecules; CO2 other organisms; other organisms inorganic molecules; other organisms the sun; other organisms other organisms; CO2 - other organisms; CO2 Photoautotrophs get their energy from ______ and their carbon from _______. inorganic molecules; CO2 other organisms; other organisms other organisms; CO2 the sun; CO2 the sun; other organisms inorganic molecules; other organisms - the sun, CO2 Photoheterotrophs get their energy from __________ and their carbon from_______________. - the sun, other organismsPhylogenetics represent evolutionary relationships. (t/f) - true Plants respire (reduce sugar to carbon dioxide and water) (t/f) - true Prokaryotes reproduce by ______. - binary fission Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because _______. Protists eat bacteria Protists are photosynthetic Bacteria are not made of cells Bactria decompose protists Protists have a membrane-bound nucleus, which bacterial cells lack - Protists have a membranebound nucleus, which bacterial cells lack Protists are ALWAYS unicellular (t/f) - false Protists use binary fission (t/f) - false Protists use binary fission (t/f) - false