Microbiology CSCC EXAM 2 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

Metabolism - All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism Anabolism - building metabolic reactions catabolism - "cat tearing something down" digestive metabolic reactions metabolites - substances that are needed for metabolism primary metabolites - metabolites that are needed for immediate cell survival (ex:glucose) Secondary metabolites - metabolites that are not needed for immediate cell survival but will help with long term survival Enzymes - Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things What do enzymes do? - speed up chemical reactions and lower amount of energy needed for activation energy Enzyme substrate reaction - E+S-> E + P e= ENZYME s=SUBSTRATE p=PRODUCT where does the substrate bind to? - at the active site what temperature do enzymes work best in - warmer temps. until too hot then it denatures what pH do enzymes prefer? - enzymes are individually specific with what pH they prefer what enzymes might be able to withstand heat? (not denature) - sporeformers, thermophiles CHNOPS - Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur -needed to live Carbon - all organic compounds including lipids, proteins, carbs, and nucleic acids Nitrogen - nucleic acid and proteins hydrogen - also all organic compounds and water Phosphorus - nucleic acids, ATP Sulfur - amino acids, including met What do bacteria often require? - iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium -this stuff is sometimes added to Petri dishes for bacteria to consume autotrophs - Organisms that are able to make their own food through INORGANIC materials (take c from CO2) heterotrophs - take carbon from food through ORGANIC materials (take c from food) Phototrophs - obtain energy from light Chemotrophs - obtain energy from chemicals Chemoautotrophs - An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances. Chemoheterotrophs - An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. Photoheterotrophs - An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form. Photoautotrophs - Organisms that use light/ inorganic material as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances. Organitroph - only consumes organic matter