Bio 114 Binghamton -Test 1 Questions & Answers Already Graded A+

Adaptation - A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce adventitious roots - roots that arise above ground Alleles - Different forms of a gene allopatric speciation - the process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation Aneuploidy - Abnormal number of chromosomes. Archea - have cell walls that, do not contain peptidoglycan assotative mating - an individual is more likely to mate with another that is similar in phenotype to itself autosomal inheritance - Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome Axial - central column, trunk Bacteria have - peptidoglycan cell wall, no lipid layer, cause disease binomial nomenclature - in italics: "Genus species" biological species concept - if they can reproduce fertile offspring, they are the same speciesbottleneck effect - a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size buttressed roots - to support, help prop up a tree, roots jut out from base of trunk and look like planks Cell theory states - All living things are made up of cells new cells are produced from existing cells Chemo autotrophs - self-feeding using inorganic chemicals chi square formula - sum of (observed-expected)^2/expected chi-square is greater than the CV - fail to reject the null chi-square is less than the CV - reject the null and support alt. hyp. Chromatids are - duplicate halves of a chromosome Cladistics - comparing only recently derived traits to determine relatedness, rather than all traits Codominance - A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive., results in "spotting" compound leaf - A leaf in which the blade is divided into two or more smaller leaflets Contrivance - an adaptation that is a results of the modification of a previous ancestorconvergent evolution - Evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species due to common environments Crossover - exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids Dendrites - sub-branching (most common in nys) dipliod cell - cell that has 2 copies of each chromosome, one from egg, one from sperm (46) Domains - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya emergent property - a trait that exists in one level but not in the level below endosymbiotic theory - theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms epigenetic effects - environmental influences on gene expression Epistasis - a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus Eukaryote - A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; animals, fungi, plants, protists evolutionary independence - occurs when mutation, selection, and genetic drift operate on populations separately. (Only occurs when gene flow has stopped)