Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 FINAL Questions & Answers Already Graded A+

2 types of lateral meristems: - Cork cambium vascular cambium 2 ways to increase allele diversity/allele frequency distribution: - 1.) gene flow 2.) mutation 3 criteria for designating species: Boys Make Pasta - biological, morphological, phylogenetic Adventitious Root Systems - Roots that emerge from the stem just above ground to help support plants in shallow soils Allopatric Speciation - Separated by some physical barrier Annuals - Angiosperm plants that die off at the end of each year, leaving seeds to grow for the next year. Assortative mating - an individual is more likely to mate with another that is similar in phenotype to itself ex: people, plants, blister beetles(females mate with males closest to their size) Axial - Central column with spire shape for strength and shedding snow. The tree will look like the top of a church. bark - cork cells Binomial Nomenclautre - Two descriptive words given to identify a species. First word is capitalized and the second word is lower case. The name is in italics.Biological Species Concept - If two populations do not interbreed by nature or do not produce viable offspring, they are separate species. Bottlenecks - Gene pool is significantly reduced for some reason and small allele diversity remains. one of the more frequent causes of HW assumption violation, limited genetic transition from one generation to another branches of phylogenetic tree - represent a population through time Buttressed Trunk - Allows for greater support in thin tropical soils Carolus Linnaeus - Created a set of rules for naming plants and animals, classifying over 12,000 species Carpel - Reproductive structure that produces female gametophytes Cheetahs - gone through 2 bottlenecks which caused them to violate 2 assumption of HW: nonrandom mating and small population sizes. As a result their populations are experiencing severe genetic problems Cladistics - Grouping of species by shared, recently derived characters only. The number of similar traits are compared. Collenchyme Cells - More differentiated than parenchyma cells. Minimal growth occurs here. Still no secondary cell wall. They are sturdy and not very flexible. They make up vascular bundles. Celery is made up of these cells. Compound Leaves - Multiple leaves on one stem Conditions Leading to the Evolution of Plantae - Wavelength resource limitation under waterCO2 becoming less available under water Evidence of early competition for energy sources in the aquatic environment New niches Convergent evolution - the independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related organisms where the common ancestor doesn't have the trait (due to similar environmental pressures) Cork Cambium - Located outside secondary phloem cells to produce cork cells to the outside cork cambium layer. Cells are only produced to the outside. cork cambium - produces cork cells, often with lignin, to outside the cork cambium layer Dendritic - Sub-branching Dicots - Vascular plants with fruit-covered seeds which have one leaf in germination and petals in multiples of 4 or 5 Dispersal - When a group emigrates from an area, and they are isolated long enough to have allele changes that eventually lead to a new species being created