Binghamton Bio 114 Exam Questions + Answers Graded A+

___ are aquatic producers that create silica shells - Diatoms ___ are pathogenic protists that can cause large skin lesions. - Leishmania ___ are producers that are responsible for half of the C fixation in marine environments. - diatom ___ are thought to be the first organisms to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis - Cyanobacteria 2 specific examples you could provide to convince your friend that these organisms are relevant and/or interesting - ecological impact and use for medical research A doctor prescribes an antibiotic to her patients. For the first few years, the drug works well; but after several years the doctor sees more patients for whom that antibiotic doesn't work. Which of these explanations best explains what happened? - antibiotic-resistant bacteria were more likely to survive and reproduce A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? - Archaea According to the endosymbiosis theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate? - from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food? - the engulfed cell provided the host cell with ATP Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of all of the following, except ____. - gene flow All protists ____. - contain a nucleusAll protists are ___. - Eukaryotic All species are intracellular parasites; one of the smallest bacteria lineages; some species cause human STD. - chlamydias an organism that is capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy is a(n): - mixotroph Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend? - 3.5 billion years Assume that some members of an aquatic species of motile, photosynthetic protists evolve to become parasitic to fish. They gain the ability to live in the fish gut, absorbing nutrients as the fish digests food. Over time, which of the following phenotypic changes would you expect to observe in this population of protists? - loss of chloroplasts Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _____. - chemoautotrophs Both prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells have this structure, which is the protein factory for the cell - ribosome Cell for bacteria vs. protists - small: no membrane bound organelles; larger: membrane bound organelles Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells- provide 2 ways similar and 2 ways they differ - prokaryotes have circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA, Prokaryotes have nucleoid, eukaryotes have nucleus, similar in that they both have ribosomes and cell membrane Energy for bacteria vs protists - 6 types: (chemotroph, photo, auto, hetero); 2 types: autotroph and heterotrophgenetic recombination in prokaryotes is one factor that gives rise to their high levels of genetic diversity. Which of the following are mechanisms of prokaryotic genetic recombination? - transformation, transduction, conjugation (all of the above) Identify which of the following evolutionary novelties arose in protist lineages - ingestion of food and sexual reproduction If prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission, and the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical, where does the genetic variation necessary for evolution come from? Name two sources of genetic variation in prokaryotes. - conjugation and transformation if you found a well-preserved fossil specimen with many velociraptor-like characteristics, which species concept would you use to determine whether it is indeed a member of the velociraptor genus, a close relative, or a novel species? - morphospecies concept