NUR 311 Final Exam- Respiratory AND Cardiac Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has COPD. Which of the following findings is a priority for the nurse to report to the provider? - Productive cough with green sputum (could indicate infection) A nurse is assessing a client who has emphysema. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? - Elevated Temperature: The nurse should report an elevated temperature to the provider because it can indicate a possible respiratory infection. Clients who have emphysema are at risk for the development of pneumonia and other respiratory infections. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mechanical ventilation when the low pressure alarm sounds. What situation should the nurse recognize is a possible cause of the alarm? - Artificial airway cuff leak This interferes with oxygenation and causes the low-pressure alarm to sound A nurse is planning care for a client who has asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer during an acute asthma attack? - Albuterol T/F: Metoprolol can mask the effects of hypoglycemia in clients with diabetes mellitus - True What are Aldosterone receptor Antagonists? - Spironolactone, eplerenone -one promotes retention of potassium and excretion of sodium and water What are Angiotensin-II Receptor Antagonists? - ARBS (blockers) ValsartanLosartan -saratan What are beta blockers? - 1) metoprolol 2) atenolol block the sympathetic nervous system and produce slow HR and decrease BP What are common ACE inhibitors? - Lisinopril Enalapril -pril What are common Calcium channel blockers? - Verapamil Amlodipine Diltiazem What are diseases associated with Left-side heart failure? - 1) hypertension 2) CAD 3) angina 4) MI 5) Valvular disease (mitral and aortic) What are diseases associated with Right-side heart failure? - 1) left-sided heart failure 2) right ventricular MI 3) pulmonary problems (COPD, Pulmonary fibrosis) What are important health promotion and disease preventions of hypertension? - 1) maintain body mass index of less than 302) blood glucose within recommended range 3) limit caffeine and ETOH intake 4) use stress-management techniques 5) smoking cessation 6) engage in exercise that provides aerobic benefits (at least 3 times a week) 7) limit sodium and fat intake What are lifestyle changes for patients with hypertension? - weight reduction and maintenance begin the program slowly incorporate exercise (at least 3 times a week- aerobic benefits) smoking cessation stress reduction What are nursing interventions for patients with hypertension? - Medications What are the clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? - -Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea -Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure -pulmonary congestion: cough, crackles, wheezes, blood-tinged sputum, tachypnea -restless -confusion -orthopnea -tachycardia-fatigue -cyanosis -DOE -S3 gallop -frothy blood-tinged sputum -oliguria (decreased O) What are the clinical manifestations of right sided heart failure? - -fatigue -increase peripheral venous pressure -ascites -enlarged liver & spleen -may be secondary to chronic pulmonary problems -distended jugular veins -anorexia & complaints of GI distress -weight gain -dependent edema