CO 502 Quiz 1 Key Figures Questions and Answers

Lysander S. Richards In 1881, published "Vocophy," a guide to vocational counseling. "a new profession, a system enabling a person to name the calling or vocation one is best suited to follow." Though his work was dismissed, it foreshadowed what was to come. Frank Parsons Late 19th-early 20th century. "father of guidance" opened the Vocational Bureau of Boston in 1908. First used the term "vocational guidance." Believed that counselees should examine themselves and their lives and the counselor would help him "arrive at a wise, well-founded conclusion for himself." Jesse Davis (Grand Rapids), Anna Y. Reed (Seattle), Eli Weaver (New York) Pioneers of guidance counselors in educational settings. Influenced by the philosophies of the age such as social Darwinism, these figures developed the first intentional guidance services for students before entering the workforce. Clifford Beers In 1908, published A Mind Unto Itself, an autobiography about his experience with mental illness in severe institutions. This book served as a catalyst for the mental hygiene movement and studies of people with emotional and behavioral problems. Dorothea Dix A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. Wilhelm Wundt german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879 Granville Stanley Hall Established the first psychology lab in the US at Johns Hopkins University in 1883. "father of American psychology." First organized the APA and bestowed the first PhDs. Carl Rogers ; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person Sigmund Freud () Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.