HTHS 1111 Midterm Exam Study Guide Graded A 2024

The function of the nervous system - receive information from the external or internal environment process that information send that information to effectors to move a muscle or change the secretion of a gland Which part of the nervous system is the receptor - sensory Which part of the nervous system is the control center - brain and spinal cord (CNS) Which part of the nervous system are the effectors - muscles and glands The nervous system is _____. - homeostasis Neurons - "Nerve cells" -thinking cells of the brain -receive, process, and transmit info by manipulating flow of electrical charges Glia - "glial cells" -support and provide nutrition to brain -do NOT manipulate info -maintain internal info Parts of the CNS - - the brain - the spinal cord - cranial nerves I & II Parts of the PNS - -somatosensory receptors - spinal nerves - ganglia - cranial nerves III-XII nucleus - A cluster of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system ganglion - A cluster of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system tract - A cluster of nerve axons (wires) in the central nervous system nerve - A cluster of nerve axons (wires) in the peripheral nervous system sensory systems - transduce environmental energy into nerve cell energy motor systems - move muscles or change the secretion of glands integrative center is interposed between - sensory and motor systems Afferent information - coming into the CNS - generally, this is the same as sensory Efferent information - going out of the CNS - generally, this is the same as motor The motor system is divided into which two systems - somatic and autonomic autonomic is also called - visceral (works mostly independently of brain) • the effectors in the autonomic system are - - smooth muscle - cardiac muscle - glands the autonomic nervous system is further divided into - enteric, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems somatic is the _____ motor system - voluntary effectors of the somatic (voluntary) motor system - skeletal muscles Enteric Nervous System - an independent network of neurons in the ganglia of the gut wall -these are called the myenteric and submucosal plexuses Sympathetic Nervous System - - "fight or flight" (or freeze) - activated when we are in danger (or even if we imagine we're in danger)