B2 - Cell Organization
✅differentiation
How do cells become specialised?-
What are organ systems made of?-✅organs
What are organs made of?-✅tissue
What are tissues made of?-✅specialised cells
Def: organ system-✅a group of organs working together to carry out a
specific function
Eg: organ system- ✅digestive system
Def: organ- ✅group of tissues working together to carry out a specific
function
Eg: organ- ✅heart
Def: tissue-✅a group of similar cells working together to carry out a
specific function
What are the 3 types of tissue?-✅muscular, glandular, epithelial
What is the function of muscular tissue?-✅allows movement through
contracting
What is the function of glandular tissue?- ✅makes and secretes hormones
and enzymes
What is the function of epithelial tissue?-✅to cover parts of the body e.g
inside of gut
Def: enzyme- ✅biological catalyst
, How do enzymes work?- ✅lock and key theory
What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?-✅40°C
What is the (general) optimum pH for enzymes?-✅pH 7
✅
What happens if an enzyme is exposed to too high temps or high/low
pH- denatures
Def: denature-✅active site of an enzyme changes shape and substrate no
longer fits
RQ: enzyme activity- ✅amylase breakdown
✅pH of buffer solution
Independent variable of RQ: enzyme activity-
Dependent variable of RQ: enzyme activity-✅rate of amylase breakdown
How is rate of amylase breakdown measured?-✅how quickly iodine
solution turns blue-black
✅
What are the control variable of RQ: enzyme activity- concentration of
amylase solution, volume of amylase solution, temperature of solution
✅1000/ time
Formula: rate of reaction-
What are the 3 digestive enzymes?-✅amylase, protease, lipase
What is the process of amylase?-✅starch → simple sugars
Where is amylase made?-✅salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
What is the process of protease?-✅proteins → amino acids
✅differentiation
How do cells become specialised?-
What are organ systems made of?-✅organs
What are organs made of?-✅tissue
What are tissues made of?-✅specialised cells
Def: organ system-✅a group of organs working together to carry out a
specific function
Eg: organ system- ✅digestive system
Def: organ- ✅group of tissues working together to carry out a specific
function
Eg: organ- ✅heart
Def: tissue-✅a group of similar cells working together to carry out a
specific function
What are the 3 types of tissue?-✅muscular, glandular, epithelial
What is the function of muscular tissue?-✅allows movement through
contracting
What is the function of glandular tissue?- ✅makes and secretes hormones
and enzymes
What is the function of epithelial tissue?-✅to cover parts of the body e.g
inside of gut
Def: enzyme- ✅biological catalyst
, How do enzymes work?- ✅lock and key theory
What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?-✅40°C
What is the (general) optimum pH for enzymes?-✅pH 7
✅
What happens if an enzyme is exposed to too high temps or high/low
pH- denatures
Def: denature-✅active site of an enzyme changes shape and substrate no
longer fits
RQ: enzyme activity- ✅amylase breakdown
✅pH of buffer solution
Independent variable of RQ: enzyme activity-
Dependent variable of RQ: enzyme activity-✅rate of amylase breakdown
How is rate of amylase breakdown measured?-✅how quickly iodine
solution turns blue-black
✅
What are the control variable of RQ: enzyme activity- concentration of
amylase solution, volume of amylase solution, temperature of solution
✅1000/ time
Formula: rate of reaction-
What are the 3 digestive enzymes?-✅amylase, protease, lipase
What is the process of amylase?-✅starch → simple sugars
Where is amylase made?-✅salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
What is the process of protease?-✅proteins → amino acids
