Biochemical Engineering Exam Study Guide

Biochemical Engineering Exam Study Guide. Phototrophy - answerlight is converted to chemical energy chemotrophy - answerenergy obtained by oxidising chemical compounds autotrophy - answercarbon dioxide and water are used to produce organic compounds Aerotolarant anaerobes - answercan tolerate the presence of oxygen but can't use it for growth heterotrophy - answercomplex organic compounds used for biosynthesis 2 major groups of spore forming bacteria - answerbacillus and clostridium Central Dogma of Biology - answer· The conversion of the genetic information held within the cell's DNA into the proteins which control all processes in the cell Replication - answerthe information stored in the DNA is replicated directly by forming an identical molecule transcription - answersegments of information contained in the DNA is copied onto strands of RNA translation - answerinformation is then used to make polypeptides/proteins with specific sequences provided by the RNA enzyme inhibition graph - answer competitive - answerthe inhibitors compete with the substrate for the active site non-competitive - answerthe inhibitors bind on sites other than the active site and reduce enzyme affinity to the substrate uncompetitive - answerthe inhibitors bind only to the ES complex and have no affinity toward free enzyme gram-positive - answerpeptidoglycan wall is very thick bacteria retain a purple colour when stained with the dye crystal violet gram-negative - answerhave a thinner wall of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids