WGU C182 introduction to IT 2024 Questions And Answers Graded A+

1st Generation of Computers - Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language 2nd Generation of Computers - Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers 3rd Generation of Computers - Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost, called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals 4th Generation of Computers - Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use Administrator Ethics - Privacy, Ownership, Control, Accuracy, Security Algorithms - A formula or procedure for solving a problem. Can also be described as a set of steps that are followed in order to complete a process Alpha Testing - System developers assist end users as they interact with new system; simulated data is used Analysis - Determines the user requirements for the new system and develops logical models of the system Anti-viral Software - Attempts to identify if a file contains a virus or some form of malware Application Software - Consists of programs that end users run to accomplish tasks Assembly Language - Easier than machine but still required detailed, precise low level instructionsAttributes - Columns of the relation Authentication - Proving you are who you say you are which can be done by: what you know, what you have (two factor authentication) Availability - Requires that information is available when needed Batch Processing - Processing large amounts of data all in one batch when the computer system is not busy Beta Testing - Performed by the end user without any assistance from the system developers; live data in a real working environment is used. Big Data - Refers to data sets that are so large and complex that they will require more advanced database management/processing tools. Binary - Uses base 2 system (0 and 1) BIOS ROM - BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System; ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard. Is software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on). Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk. Can't choose the amount or contents.Black Hat Hacker - Individuals with malicious intent who violate security in order to commit crimes or acts of terrorism Boolean/Logical - True/False Buffer Overflow - Placing malicious code into the buffer so that it can be executed once stored in memory; oldest and most well known software exploit; software engineers can protect against this when writing code Bus - Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels that enable communication among the electronic components Bus Network - Devices connected along a single cable. Size of network is restricted. Business Continuity - The activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business functions will be available to customer, suppliers, regulators, and other entities that must have access to those functions. Business Intelligence - A specific information system to help an organization reach its strategic goals Byte - 8 bits; a single character of text in a computer Character Representation - ASCII and Unicode Characteristics of Quality Data - Relevance - the data being used must apply directly to the decision being made Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely mannerThorough - the data must be complete Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be captured as close to the point of activity as possible. Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes across collections points and over time CIA - Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability