AP Bio FRQs Exam Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified.

AP Bio FRQs Exam Questions With Correct Answers 100% Verified. Describe the role of carbon in biological systems. - answerThe response indicates that carbon is used to build biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Explain how, when the membranes are fused, the polar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell and how the nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell. - answerThe response indicates that the polar part of the phospholipids from one cell will align or interact with the polar parts of the phospholipids from the other cell, and nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will align or interact with nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from the other cell. Make a claim about the most immediate effect on the fused B-cancer cells if the fused cells are transferred to a growth medium that lacks a source of nitrogen. - answerThe response indicates that the cells will die OR that they will be unable to synthesize DNA and RNA/nucleic acids/nucleotides and amino. Provide reasoning with evidence based on the composition of biological macromolecules to support your claim. - answerThe response indicates that nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, or nucleotides) and amino acids (polypeptides, or proteins) contain nitrogen. Identify the process used to form the covalent peptide bonds that join amino acids into a polypeptide. - answerThe response indicates that the process that joins amino acids into a polypeptide is a dehydration synthesis OR a condensation reaction. The change in the amino acid sequence illustrated in Figure 1 caused a change in the shape of Receptor X. Based on the R groups of the original and substituted amino acids, explain why Receptor X changed shape. - answerThe response indicates that two amino acids with charged or ionic or hydrophilic R-groups were replaced by two amino acids with uncharged or nonpolar or hydrophobic R-groups. Using the template below that represents the four levels of protein structure, place an X on each level that is expected to be altered as a result of the amino acid substitutions shown in Figure 1. - answerThe response indicates primary and tertiary structure. Explain how the amino acid substitution shown in Figure 1 is most likely to affect the function of Receptor X. - answerThe response indicates that because function is determined by shape, the function of receptor X is likely to change OR that the structural change might alter the binding of the molecule to receptor X OR that the structural change might alter the ability of receptor X to cause a cellular response. Identify the most likely mode of transport across the membrane for substance L. Explain how information provided helps determine the most likely mode of transport. - answerThe response indicates that substance L most likely crosses the membrane by active transport. The response indicates that the cells maintain an intracellular concentration of 120 mM, which is always greater than the concentration of substance L in the culture medium. Determine the external concentration of substance L that will result in one-half of the maximal entry rate. - answerThe response indicates that the external concentration of substance L that will result in one-half of the maximal entry rate is a value other than one between 31 mM and 34 mM. Predict the likely effect on the ability of substance L to enter the cells if substance L is attached to a large protein instead of free in the culture. - answerThe response indicates that substance L will be unable to enter the cells if it is attached to a large protein OR the response indicates that substance L will be unable to enter the cells if it is attached to a large protein unless there is a specific cell membrane receptor for the protein. Describe the biological need for cells to be surrounded by a membrane that is selectively permeable for different materials. - answerThe response indicates that a cell membrane separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment OR that a cell membrane that is selectively permeable can help to regulate what molecules move between the differing environments inside and outside of a cell. Explain how the model shows selective permeability of the membrane to specific ions. - answerThe response indicates that a membrane channel protein is selective for a specific kind of ion because only one of the two kinds of ion represented can pass through the channel. The response also indicates that ions cannot simply cross directly between the phospholipids of the membrane (although a small lipid-soluble molecule can). Describe the characteristics of the phospholipid bilayer that permit small hydrophobic lipid molecules to pass directly across the membrane. - answerThe response indicates that the interior of a phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic, which allows small hydrophobic molecules to diffuse across the membrane. Based on the model, explain whether the molecules shown crossing the membrane require energy to do so. - answerThe response indicates that energy is not required for the substances to cross the membrane because the substances are being passively transported from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Describe the role of oxygen in cellular respiration. - answerThe response indicates that oxygen is the terminal acceptor of electrons that have passed through the electron transport chain.