NURC-1001 Chapter 4 Comprehensive Questions with CORRECT Answers 2024 updated

NURC-1001 Chapter 4 Comprehensive Questions with CORRECT Answers 2024 updated Age related GI changes - -feaces passes through at a slower rate -constipation is a risk -some lose bowel control -Older persons are at risk for GI tumors and disorders Anuria - absence of urine Apnea - absence of breathing Bradycardia - abnormally slow heartbeat Care for resident with indwelling catheter - -Provide with perineal care per facility policy -skill tips: -hold catheter near urinary meatus -cleanse catheter washing away from the body and down catheter about 3-4 inches -do not pull on catheter caring for a resident with a colostomy - -note amount -observe consistency of stool (firm, formed, hard, liquid) -observe color -observe frequency of bowel movements Report: -any changes in patterns of elimination -if resident deveblops sudden diarrhea after constipation Changes with the Cardiovascular System - -heart pumps less efficiently -heart cannot accomodate to meet increased need -Arteries less elastic -BP may increase Changes with the respiratory system - -Decreased Lung Capacity - Impaired ability to cough -shortness of breath on exertion -less airway size Common misconceptions about an older adult - -aging is synoymous with disease and frailty -older adults are able to elarn new skills -older adults are rigid and resist change eventually become cognitively impaired -unproductive and no longr contribute to society -are sexless -depression is normal -aging is genetically determined -most experience incontinence -old age starts at 65 -most elderly live in LTCFs -all are hard of hearing -hard to get along with -all are lonely Developmental stages elderly may face - -adjusting to decrased strength and loss of health -adjusting to retirement and reduced income -coping wiht partner's death -developing new friends and relationships - finding meaning of life -sensory loss -changes in sleep patterns -slower sexual responses -prone to certain chronic conditions -postural changes gray hair and dry skin dysuria - painful or difficult urination facts about colostomies - -surgically created opening -provides exit for waste products when normal elimination is not possible -location varies -requires good skin care around stoma -stool consistency depends on stomach site -wears pouch to collect stool fecal impaction - hard stool caught in the lower bowel wich prevent normal passage of feces hematuria - presence of blood in the urine How do you obtain a pulse? - Use 2-3 fingers to press gently over an artery; don't use thumb meausurement of number of times the heart beats/minute How do you obtain a Respiration? - -The inspirtation and expiration of air -Observe resident's chest -count for one full minute -Best to have resident unaware of respirations being taken How is blood pressure affected in the elderly? - Blood pressure increases with age because the heart has to work harder and the artery walls are thinning and lose elasticity. How to care for an incontinet resident - -Check at least every 2 hours -change clothing and linens if needed -wash and dry affected skin -use adult disposable protective under garments -use protective pads on resident bed -treat resident with respect Hypertension - BP measurments that remain above systolic of 140 MMHG or a diastolic pressure of 90 MMHG Hypotension - BP measurements that remain below systolic of 90 MMHG or a diastolic pressurje of 60 MMHG NA responsibilies during discharge - -allow the resident time to talk about anxieties/feelings -help resident gather clothing and other belongings -transport according to facility policy NA responsibilites during admission - -prepare room for resident's needs -greet resident and family -show the resident the room,bathroom, closets, storage space -demonstrate how to us the call light, bed, and lights -introduce to roommate and other staff -observe how well the resident can move and perform activities -show resident around the facility -check resident frequently -document observations NA responsibilities during transfer - -moving resident from one room to another -offer support and reassurance -assist with packing and moving resident's belongings -may transport to next location Normal blood pressure in an adult - 120/80 systolic < 120 diastolic < 80 Normal elimination - -brown in color -formed -frequency may vary -color may be affected by medication, diet Nurse Aide care for residents with cardiovascular conditions - -pace activity -follow dietary restictions -change positions slowly -report dizziness -remove and re-apply anti-embolism stockings