BiologyNotes
ukaryoticcellsarecomplexandincludeallplantandanimalcellsEukaryotes
are organismsthataremadeupofeukaryoticcells
Prokaryoticcellsaresmaller andsimpler egbacteriaAprokaryoteis aprokaryoticcell singlecelled
nimalcell
Vadeus containsgeneticmaterialthatcontrolstheactivitiesofthecell
Cytoplasm gellikesubstancewheremostofthechemicalreactionshappenTheenzymescontrolthereaction
radioed
f
th
ia.ipqgia.name
Mitochondria thesearewheremost
transgers
energythattheweneedtowork
Sibosomes these
of thereactionsforaerobicrespirationtakeplaceRespiration
arewhereproteinsaremadeinthecell
ara.ot
oas. r
Slantcell
ᵗᵈ
lhÑ That Isp TÉÉÉÉ É
dddd
dWÉ
ÉÉ idd.sk
soe
n u
shgÉÉ
chloroplasts thesearewherephotosynthesisoccurswhich substancecalledchlorophyll
of
makes a
ifeng.ae green
go.gggg.gg
Whichabsorbsthe
lightneededfor
photosythesis
O
rosette o
µ
ftp.TNAR
0
teaspoon
Bacterialcell
Umembrane
wall cytoplasm
cell
0H
Bacterialcellsdon't
haveatruenucleusinsteadthey
haveasinglecircularstrandofDNAthatfloatsfreely
1 inthecytoplasm
The If In Icalled
plasmid
,LETTIE
theabilitytodistinguishbetweentwopointssoahigherresolutiongivesasharperimage
image
agnification images c
magnification real
size
Scanningelectronmicroscopehelps
youtosee
ribosomes
Onion periment
1 ddadropofwatertothemiddleortheslide
2Usetweezerstopeeloftheepidermaltissueoranonionandplaceontheslide
3 ddadropofiodinesolutiontohighlightobjectsinacell addingcolourtothemstain
by
4Putacoverslipontop
5cliptheslidethenselectthelowestpoweredobjectivelensthisissoyoucanseemorecells
6UsethecoarseadjustmentknobtomovethestageupherAdjustthefocuswiththesineadjustmentknob
CellDiggerentition
Disserentition
istheprocessbywhichacellchangestobecomespecialisedforitsjob
Ascellschangetheydevelop d iggerentsubcellularstructuresandturn
intodifferenttypesofcellsThisallowsthemtohavespecificfunctions
abilitytodifferentiateislostatanearlystageand
ostdifferentitionoccursasanorganismdevelopsnmostanimalcellsthe becomespecialisedbut
lots plantcells
of
don't losethisability
ever
iiheiiiiiiii
ii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.io
5mecellsareundifferentiatedcells they cells
calledstem
are
cell
undifferentiated white
differentiated cell
blood
cells
Specialised
ÉÉffethemale tothefemale thasalongtailanda streamlinedheadtohelpitswimtothe
egg
herearealot
him
the
trocondriain celltoprovidetheenergyneeded talsocarriesenzymesinitsheadtodigestthroughtheeggcellmembrane
, errecellsarespecilisedgorrapidsignallingummmun
Md
NÉÉ d
attheir
connections toother
endstoconnect ausandformanetworkthroughoutthebody
nerve
p.jp
i
hefunctionofamusclealeistocontractquicklythesecellsarelongcsotheyhavespacetocontractsandcontainlotsofmitochondriato generate
ÉÉÉÉÉÉ
jjÉÉ
ohemandgumcellsformonto
to
i
emandgum
tubeswhich
t ransportsubstancessuch and thetubes
phloem xylem asgood aroundplants oform
water
go gq
throughthem
flow
Stem
cells
Undifferentiatedcellscalledstem
cellscandivide produce to lotsmoreundifferentiatedcellshey
candiggerentiateintodiggerenttypesorcelldependingon
whatinstructionsthey'regiven
inearly
stemcellsaresound human have
e mbryoshey potentialto
turnintoany f atall
ocell
type
dultsalso
have but
cells
stem only undncertain
are likebonemarrowunlikeembryonicstem
they go places
turn
cellstheycan't into typeatallonly
anycell blood
onessuchas
certain cells
cellsfrom
stem and
embryos bone begrowninacabtoproduceonescgeneticallyidenticalcellsand
m arrowcan intospecialisedcellstouseinmedicine
madetodiggerentiate
orresearch
seabed tocwediseases
usesadult
Medicinealready stemcellsto aredisease orexamplestemcells thebonemarroworahealthypersoncanreplacefaultyblood
from
transferred cells
cells
stem
mbryonic could
also beusedtoreplacesanitycellsinsickpeopletheyuseinsulinproducingcellsforpeoplewithdiabetesnervecellsforpeopleparalysedby
spinal stem
injuries cells inthe
grown labmaybecomecontaminatedwithaviruswhich bepassedontothepatient
could
ukaryoticcellsarecomplexandincludeallplantandanimalcellsEukaryotes
are organismsthataremadeupofeukaryoticcells
Prokaryoticcellsaresmaller andsimpler egbacteriaAprokaryoteis aprokaryoticcell singlecelled
nimalcell
Vadeus containsgeneticmaterialthatcontrolstheactivitiesofthecell
Cytoplasm gellikesubstancewheremostofthechemicalreactionshappenTheenzymescontrolthereaction
radioed
f
th
ia.ipqgia.name
Mitochondria thesearewheremost
transgers
energythattheweneedtowork
Sibosomes these
of thereactionsforaerobicrespirationtakeplaceRespiration
arewhereproteinsaremadeinthecell
ara.ot
oas. r
Slantcell
ᵗᵈ
lhÑ That Isp TÉÉÉÉ É
dddd
dWÉ
ÉÉ idd.sk
soe
n u
shgÉÉ
chloroplasts thesearewherephotosynthesisoccurswhich substancecalledchlorophyll
of
makes a
ifeng.ae green
go.gggg.gg
Whichabsorbsthe
lightneededfor
photosythesis
O
rosette o
µ
ftp.TNAR
0
teaspoon
Bacterialcell
Umembrane
wall cytoplasm
cell
0H
Bacterialcellsdon't
haveatruenucleusinsteadthey
haveasinglecircularstrandofDNAthatfloatsfreely
1 inthecytoplasm
The If In Icalled
plasmid
,LETTIE
theabilitytodistinguishbetweentwopointssoahigherresolutiongivesasharperimage
image
agnification images c
magnification real
size
Scanningelectronmicroscopehelps
youtosee
ribosomes
Onion periment
1 ddadropofwatertothemiddleortheslide
2Usetweezerstopeeloftheepidermaltissueoranonionandplaceontheslide
3 ddadropofiodinesolutiontohighlightobjectsinacell addingcolourtothemstain
by
4Putacoverslipontop
5cliptheslidethenselectthelowestpoweredobjectivelensthisissoyoucanseemorecells
6UsethecoarseadjustmentknobtomovethestageupherAdjustthefocuswiththesineadjustmentknob
CellDiggerentition
Disserentition
istheprocessbywhichacellchangestobecomespecialisedforitsjob
Ascellschangetheydevelop d iggerentsubcellularstructuresandturn
intodifferenttypesofcellsThisallowsthemtohavespecificfunctions
abilitytodifferentiateislostatanearlystageand
ostdifferentitionoccursasanorganismdevelopsnmostanimalcellsthe becomespecialisedbut
lots plantcells
of
don't losethisability
ever
iiheiiiiiiii
ii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.io
5mecellsareundifferentiatedcells they cells
calledstem
are
cell
undifferentiated white
differentiated cell
blood
cells
Specialised
ÉÉffethemale tothefemale thasalongtailanda streamlinedheadtohelpitswimtothe
egg
herearealot
him
the
trocondriain celltoprovidetheenergyneeded talsocarriesenzymesinitsheadtodigestthroughtheeggcellmembrane
, errecellsarespecilisedgorrapidsignallingummmun
Md
NÉÉ d
attheir
connections toother
endstoconnect ausandformanetworkthroughoutthebody
nerve
p.jp
i
hefunctionofamusclealeistocontractquicklythesecellsarelongcsotheyhavespacetocontractsandcontainlotsofmitochondriato generate
ÉÉÉÉÉÉ
jjÉÉ
ohemandgumcellsformonto
to
i
emandgum
tubeswhich
t ransportsubstancessuch and thetubes
phloem xylem asgood aroundplants oform
water
go gq
throughthem
flow
Stem
cells
Undifferentiatedcellscalledstem
cellscandivide produce to lotsmoreundifferentiatedcellshey
candiggerentiateintodiggerenttypesorcelldependingon
whatinstructionsthey'regiven
inearly
stemcellsaresound human have
e mbryoshey potentialto
turnintoany f atall
ocell
type
dultsalso
have but
cells
stem only undncertain
are likebonemarrowunlikeembryonicstem
they go places
turn
cellstheycan't into typeatallonly
anycell blood
onessuchas
certain cells
cellsfrom
stem and
embryos bone begrowninacabtoproduceonescgeneticallyidenticalcellsand
m arrowcan intospecialisedcellstouseinmedicine
madetodiggerentiate
orresearch
seabed tocwediseases
usesadult
Medicinealready stemcellsto aredisease orexamplestemcells thebonemarroworahealthypersoncanreplacefaultyblood
from
transferred cells
cells
stem
mbryonic could
also beusedtoreplacesanitycellsinsickpeopletheyuseinsulinproducingcellsforpeoplewithdiabetesnervecellsforpeopleparalysedby
spinal stem
injuries cells inthe
grown labmaybecomecontaminatedwithaviruswhich bepassedontothepatient
could
