PHARMACOLOGY FINAL 2023 EXAM WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+ #21
What test would the nurse expect to have preformed for a client with a fever and sore
throat?
A. Throat culture
B. Blood culture
C. Assay for antibiotics
D. Gram strain - correct answer A. Throat culture
The nurse knows the best time to obtain specimen culture is which of the following.
A. 48 hours after antibiotics has been started
B. 12 hours after antibiotics has been started
C. 24 hours after antibiotics has been started
D. Before antibiotics have been started - correct answer D. Before antibiotics have been
started
The physician is explaining to a client that the results of a culture test revealed that the
organism is resistant. The client later asks the nurse if this means the antibiotic is
working against the organism. How should the nurse respond?
A. The organisms growth is inhibited by the antibiotic because of its sensitivity to the
antibiotic
B. The organisms growth is not inhibited, because of its lack of sensitivity to the
antibiotic
C. Another culture will need to be done because the organism did not respond to the
first test
D. The antibiotic is at too toxic a drug level to be therapeutic - correct answer B. The
organisms growth is no inhibited, because of its sensitivity to the antibiotic
Where are nosocomial infections acquired?
A. Retirement communities
B. In healthcare facilities
C. In educational environments
D. On airplanes and trains - correct answer B. In Healthcare facilities
A client taking an antibiotic reports that he has an extremely itchy rash all over his
chest. The nurse suspects that the type of reaction occurring in the client is which of the
following?
A. Allergic hypersensitivity
B. Direct toxicity
C. Indirect toxicity
D. Anaphylaxis - correct answer A. Allergic hypersensitivity
The nursing student is reviewing her pharmacology notes. She knows that the selection
of an anti-infective agent is based in which of the following?
A. Site of infection, respiratory and cardiac function, and pregnancy status
,B. Site of infection, allergies, weight, age, pregnancy status, and organism resistance
C. Site of infection, renal and liver function, availability, and pregnancy status
D. Site of infection, renal and liver function, age, pregnancy status, and organism
resistance - correct answer D. Site of infection, renal and liver function, age, pregnancy
status, and organism resistance
A 26-year-old client presents to the client with urinary frequency and burning. A urine
specimen is taken, and white blood cells are present in the urine dip test. Another
specimen is sent out for urine culture. The client is discharged with an antibiotic. What
urinary anti-infective would the nurse anticipate that the client would be prescribed?
A. Nitrofurantoin
B. Tobramycin
C. Isoniazid
D. Acyclovir - correct answer A. Nitrofurantoin
The nurse knows that an example of an antibiotic is gentamycin. What is a
characteristic of this drug class?
A. It is a safe agent used for short bursts of treatment for gram-negative organisms only
B. It is used for long term therapy
C. It requires serum drug levels therapeutic response
D. It is a safe agent used for short bursts of treatment for gram-positive organisms -
correct answer C. It requires serum drug levels therapeutic response
The nurse stresses to the client the importance of reporting which of the following side
effects of gentamycin?
A. Nausea
B. Decrease in white blood cell count
C. Decrease in appetite
D. Hearing loss - correct answer D. Hearing loss
The nurse knows that levaquin belongs to which of the following drug classification?
A. Aminoglycoside
B. Quinolone
C. Cephalosporin
D. Tetracycline - correct answer B. Quinolone
A pediatric client is being treated for otitis media. A common pathogen for this age
group is streptococcus pneumonia. The pediatric client is allergic to penicillin. What
antibiotic would the nurse anticipate the client receiving?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Ampicillin
C. Zithromax
D. Keflex - correct answer C. Zithromax
, In the health clinic, the nurse is counseling a young adult client regarding the use of
tetracycline for acne. What educational information should the nurse share with the
client regarding this medication?
A. Wear sunscreen
B. It is acceptable to take with a multivitamin
C. There are no precautions when taking it
D. Take it on a full stomach - correct answer A. Wear sunscreen
49-year-old female client with diabetes is being treated for a candidal infection with
fluconazole, an antifungal agent. What education does the nurse need to share with the
client?
A. Stop the medication when symptoms improve, so as not to develop resistance to
overuse
B. The client can continue her oral anti diabetic treatment
C. This medication is administered sublingually
D. Take the medication until finished, even if symptoms resolve - correct answer D.
Take the medication until finished, even if symptoms resolve
The nurse is demonstrating to the client how to install ophthalmic drops. She reviews
proper hand washing and handling of the medication. What other instruction does the
nurse need to explain regarding the procedure?
A. Install the drops into the eye with your head tilted back
B. Instill the drops into the lower conjunctival sac
C. Install the drops into the eye sitting straight up
D. Install the drops onto the upper lid and then close the eye - correct answer B. Instill
the drops into the lower conjunctival sac
A client is evaluated on the emergency department with a chemical splash to the face
and eyes. Following eye irritation and evaluation of visual acuity, the client is started on
an anti inflammatory agent. How does the nurse explain the mode of action to the
client?
A. It is used to relieve irritation of the conjunctiva
B. It is used to treat superficial infections
C. It is used to block histamine receptors in the conjunctiva
D. It increases tear production - correct answer A. It is used to relieve irritation of the
conjunctiva
A 62-year-old female client is started on ketorolac (Acular), a nonsteroidal
Anti-inflammatory ophthalmic agent, for postoperative cataract surgery. What
instructions
Would benefit this client?
A. Avoid driving for 2 weeks.
B. Apply pressure on the tear duct at the inner corner to reduce systemic
Absorption
Avoid wearing contact lenses if eyes are red.
C. Avoid rubbing the eyes.
GRADED A+ #21
What test would the nurse expect to have preformed for a client with a fever and sore
throat?
A. Throat culture
B. Blood culture
C. Assay for antibiotics
D. Gram strain - correct answer A. Throat culture
The nurse knows the best time to obtain specimen culture is which of the following.
A. 48 hours after antibiotics has been started
B. 12 hours after antibiotics has been started
C. 24 hours after antibiotics has been started
D. Before antibiotics have been started - correct answer D. Before antibiotics have been
started
The physician is explaining to a client that the results of a culture test revealed that the
organism is resistant. The client later asks the nurse if this means the antibiotic is
working against the organism. How should the nurse respond?
A. The organisms growth is inhibited by the antibiotic because of its sensitivity to the
antibiotic
B. The organisms growth is not inhibited, because of its lack of sensitivity to the
antibiotic
C. Another culture will need to be done because the organism did not respond to the
first test
D. The antibiotic is at too toxic a drug level to be therapeutic - correct answer B. The
organisms growth is no inhibited, because of its sensitivity to the antibiotic
Where are nosocomial infections acquired?
A. Retirement communities
B. In healthcare facilities
C. In educational environments
D. On airplanes and trains - correct answer B. In Healthcare facilities
A client taking an antibiotic reports that he has an extremely itchy rash all over his
chest. The nurse suspects that the type of reaction occurring in the client is which of the
following?
A. Allergic hypersensitivity
B. Direct toxicity
C. Indirect toxicity
D. Anaphylaxis - correct answer A. Allergic hypersensitivity
The nursing student is reviewing her pharmacology notes. She knows that the selection
of an anti-infective agent is based in which of the following?
A. Site of infection, respiratory and cardiac function, and pregnancy status
,B. Site of infection, allergies, weight, age, pregnancy status, and organism resistance
C. Site of infection, renal and liver function, availability, and pregnancy status
D. Site of infection, renal and liver function, age, pregnancy status, and organism
resistance - correct answer D. Site of infection, renal and liver function, age, pregnancy
status, and organism resistance
A 26-year-old client presents to the client with urinary frequency and burning. A urine
specimen is taken, and white blood cells are present in the urine dip test. Another
specimen is sent out for urine culture. The client is discharged with an antibiotic. What
urinary anti-infective would the nurse anticipate that the client would be prescribed?
A. Nitrofurantoin
B. Tobramycin
C. Isoniazid
D. Acyclovir - correct answer A. Nitrofurantoin
The nurse knows that an example of an antibiotic is gentamycin. What is a
characteristic of this drug class?
A. It is a safe agent used for short bursts of treatment for gram-negative organisms only
B. It is used for long term therapy
C. It requires serum drug levels therapeutic response
D. It is a safe agent used for short bursts of treatment for gram-positive organisms -
correct answer C. It requires serum drug levels therapeutic response
The nurse stresses to the client the importance of reporting which of the following side
effects of gentamycin?
A. Nausea
B. Decrease in white blood cell count
C. Decrease in appetite
D. Hearing loss - correct answer D. Hearing loss
The nurse knows that levaquin belongs to which of the following drug classification?
A. Aminoglycoside
B. Quinolone
C. Cephalosporin
D. Tetracycline - correct answer B. Quinolone
A pediatric client is being treated for otitis media. A common pathogen for this age
group is streptococcus pneumonia. The pediatric client is allergic to penicillin. What
antibiotic would the nurse anticipate the client receiving?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Ampicillin
C. Zithromax
D. Keflex - correct answer C. Zithromax
, In the health clinic, the nurse is counseling a young adult client regarding the use of
tetracycline for acne. What educational information should the nurse share with the
client regarding this medication?
A. Wear sunscreen
B. It is acceptable to take with a multivitamin
C. There are no precautions when taking it
D. Take it on a full stomach - correct answer A. Wear sunscreen
49-year-old female client with diabetes is being treated for a candidal infection with
fluconazole, an antifungal agent. What education does the nurse need to share with the
client?
A. Stop the medication when symptoms improve, so as not to develop resistance to
overuse
B. The client can continue her oral anti diabetic treatment
C. This medication is administered sublingually
D. Take the medication until finished, even if symptoms resolve - correct answer D.
Take the medication until finished, even if symptoms resolve
The nurse is demonstrating to the client how to install ophthalmic drops. She reviews
proper hand washing and handling of the medication. What other instruction does the
nurse need to explain regarding the procedure?
A. Install the drops into the eye with your head tilted back
B. Instill the drops into the lower conjunctival sac
C. Install the drops into the eye sitting straight up
D. Install the drops onto the upper lid and then close the eye - correct answer B. Instill
the drops into the lower conjunctival sac
A client is evaluated on the emergency department with a chemical splash to the face
and eyes. Following eye irritation and evaluation of visual acuity, the client is started on
an anti inflammatory agent. How does the nurse explain the mode of action to the
client?
A. It is used to relieve irritation of the conjunctiva
B. It is used to treat superficial infections
C. It is used to block histamine receptors in the conjunctiva
D. It increases tear production - correct answer A. It is used to relieve irritation of the
conjunctiva
A 62-year-old female client is started on ketorolac (Acular), a nonsteroidal
Anti-inflammatory ophthalmic agent, for postoperative cataract surgery. What
instructions
Would benefit this client?
A. Avoid driving for 2 weeks.
B. Apply pressure on the tear duct at the inner corner to reduce systemic
Absorption
Avoid wearing contact lenses if eyes are red.
C. Avoid rubbing the eyes.
