MCAT Milesdown Biology Exam Questions and Answers

MCAT Milesdown Biology Exam Questions and Answers nucleoid region - Correct Answer️️ -DNA region in prokaryotes nucleolus - Correct Answer️️ --makes ribosomes -sits in nucleus, no membrane peroxisomes - Correct Answer️️ -collect and break down material rough ER - Correct Answer️️ -accept mRNA to make proteins smooth ER - Correct Answer️️ -detox and make lipids golgi apparatus - Correct Answer️️ -modifies and distributes proteins -only found in eukaryotes -vesicular transport (COPII -> forward, COPI <- return) -cisternal maturation (vesicles travel in retrograde, new cis made, Cis/Medial/Trans/Exit) centrioles - Correct Answer️️ -9 groups of microtubules pull chromosomes apart lysosomes - Correct Answer️️ -demo and recycling center -made by golgi -single membrane plasmids - Correct Answer️️ --in prokaryotes -carry DNA not necessary to survival bacterial shapes - Correct Answer️️ -bacillus (rod), coccus (sphere), spirillus (spiral) obligate aerobe - Correct Answer️️ -requires O2 obligate anaerobe - Correct Answer️️ -dies in O2 facultative anaerobe - Correct Answer️️ -toggle between aerobic/anaerobic aerotolerant anaerobe - Correct Answer️️ -does not use O2 but tolerates it gram + - Correct Answer️️ -purple, thick peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid cell wall gram - - Correct Answer️️ -pink or red, thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane eukaryotes - Correct Answer️️ --electron transport chain in mitochondria -large ribosomes -reproduce via mitosis prokaryotes - Correct Answer️️ --electron transport chain in cell membrane -small ribosomes -reproduce via binary fission -plasmids carry DNA material, may have virulence factors -plasmids that integrate into genome are episomes prions - Correct Answer️️ --infectious proteins -trigger misfolding (makes it go from alpha helical to beta pleated sheets) -lowers solubility viroid - Correct Answer️️ -plant pathogen microfilaments - Correct Answer️️ -actin microtubules - Correct Answer️️ -tubulin intermediate filaments - Correct Answer️️ --keratin= vimentin -desmin = lamin types of epithelia - Correct Answer️️ --simple -stratified -pseudostratified -cuboidal -columnar -squamous simple - Correct Answer️️ -one layer of cells stratified - Correct Answer️️ -multiple layers of cells pseudostratified - Correct Answer️️ -one layer but it appears as m