Earth Systems Rutgers Exam Practice Questions and Answers

Earth Systems Rutgers Exam Practice Questions and Answers Seamounts - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-chain of undersea volcanoes Midocean ridge - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Continuous ridge system running across the oceans for 64,000 km. Contain the newest crust on the planet Seafloor spread ing - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-theory that upwelling of magma at the mid ocean ridge create new oceanic crust in an outward movement on either side. Subduction - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-at ocean trenches older lithosphere descends into the asthenosphere in a process where it is ultimately "recycled." Paleomagnetism - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Study of magnetic rocks and sediments to record the history of the magnetic field Divergent Plate Boundaries - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-plates move away from each other ex. Midocean ridges and continental rift valleys Convergent Plate Boundaries - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-collisions between plates Transform plate boundaries - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-two boundaries slip past each other laterally ex. san Andreas fault -> rodinia -> Gondwana -> Laurasia -> Pangaea Pacific Ring of fire - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-75% of all volcanoes lie in the ring of fire Mantle Plumes - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-model was proposed to explain hot spots ex. hawaiian hot spot Volcanism (igneous process) - Correct Ans wer✔️✔️-refers to all phenomena connected with the origin and movement of moles rock Extrusive (volcanic) - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Occurs on Earth's surface Active Volcano - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-a volcano that has erupted at least once within historical times an d is considered likely to do so again Magma - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Molten mineral material below the surface. - lava flow spreads outward parallel with the surface Pyroclastics - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Solid rock fragments, solidified lava blobs, cinders, and d ust - anything hurled upward during an explosive eruption Volcanic Peaks Shield - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-broad, gently sloping mountain, much broader than high Volcanic Peaks Composite - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-Steep sided symmetrical cone - intermediate lava Volcanic Peaks Lava Domes - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-usually small but vicious lava Volcanic Peaks Cinder Cones - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-smallest, steep sided cone - basaltic magma Calderas - Correct Answer ✔️✔️-uncommon but produces when a volcano explodes, collapses, or both