SPLH 620 Exam 2
Primary sensory areas of special senses - ANS-Hearing, vision, taste, smell
Where in the cerebral cortex is hearing - ANS-primary auditory cortex, located in
auditory cortex and temporal lobe
Where in the cerebral cortex is vision - ANS-primary visual cortex, located in visual
cortex and occipital lobe
Where in the cerebral cortex is taste - ANS-gustatory cortex, located in insular lobe
(hidden) and in inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe
Where in the cerebral cortex is smell - ANS-olfactory cortex, located in temporal lobe
Conductive Hearing Loss - ANS-involves the outer and middle ear, inability of air
vibration to reach the organ of corti
Outer ear function - ANS-transmits sound vibrations from pinna to the tympanic
membrane
Outer ear parts - ANS-pinna and auditory canal
Inner ear function - ANS-Transforms sound from mechanical to chemoelectrical,
represents sound frequencies
Inner ear parts - ANS-cochlea, vestibular system, semicircular canals
Middle ear function - ANS-amplification of sound, acoustic sound to mechanical sound
Middle ear parts - ANS-tympanic membrane, 3 ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
Tympanic membrane - ANS-also called eardrum, thin layer of tissue in the human ear
that receives sound vibrations from the outer air and transmits them to the auditory
ossicles, which are tiny bones in the tympanic (middle-ear) cavity.
Oval window - ANS-a membrane-covered opening that leads from the middle ear to the
vestibule of the inner ear. Vibrations that contact the tympanic membrane travel through
the three ossicles and into the inner ear.
, Round window - ANS-As the stapes footplate moves into the oval window, the round
window membrane moves out, and this allows movement of the fluid within the cochlea,
leading to movement of the cochlear inner hair cells and thus hearing.
Malleus - ANS-receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmits this to
the incus
Incus - ANS-receives vibrations from the malleus, to which it is connected laterally, and
transmits these to the stapes medially.
Stapes - ANS-transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the oval window, a
membrane-covered opening to the inner ear. The stapes is also stabilized by the
stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve.
sensorineural hearing loss - ANS-hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's
receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
Cochlea - ANS-a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound
waves trigger nerve impulses
Organ of Corti - ANS-Center part of the cochlea, containing hair cells, canals, and
membranes
- sensory organ of hearing, composed of hair cells, energy from the cochlea causes the
basilar membrane to vibrate, bending the hair cells, and generate AP. Contains the hair
cells and tectorial membrane
Basilar membrane - ANS-A structure that runs the length of the cochlea in the inner ear
and holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells.
# of inner hair cells - ANS-3,500
Inner hair cell functions - ANS-sensory function: sends information to the brain
# of outer hair cells - ANS-15,000
Outer hair cell function - ANS-cochlear amplifier: amplify the IHC signal by moving the
basilar membrane, sends some information to the brain
3 chambers of the cochlea - ANS-1. scala vestibuli
Primary sensory areas of special senses - ANS-Hearing, vision, taste, smell
Where in the cerebral cortex is hearing - ANS-primary auditory cortex, located in
auditory cortex and temporal lobe
Where in the cerebral cortex is vision - ANS-primary visual cortex, located in visual
cortex and occipital lobe
Where in the cerebral cortex is taste - ANS-gustatory cortex, located in insular lobe
(hidden) and in inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe
Where in the cerebral cortex is smell - ANS-olfactory cortex, located in temporal lobe
Conductive Hearing Loss - ANS-involves the outer and middle ear, inability of air
vibration to reach the organ of corti
Outer ear function - ANS-transmits sound vibrations from pinna to the tympanic
membrane
Outer ear parts - ANS-pinna and auditory canal
Inner ear function - ANS-Transforms sound from mechanical to chemoelectrical,
represents sound frequencies
Inner ear parts - ANS-cochlea, vestibular system, semicircular canals
Middle ear function - ANS-amplification of sound, acoustic sound to mechanical sound
Middle ear parts - ANS-tympanic membrane, 3 ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
Tympanic membrane - ANS-also called eardrum, thin layer of tissue in the human ear
that receives sound vibrations from the outer air and transmits them to the auditory
ossicles, which are tiny bones in the tympanic (middle-ear) cavity.
Oval window - ANS-a membrane-covered opening that leads from the middle ear to the
vestibule of the inner ear. Vibrations that contact the tympanic membrane travel through
the three ossicles and into the inner ear.
, Round window - ANS-As the stapes footplate moves into the oval window, the round
window membrane moves out, and this allows movement of the fluid within the cochlea,
leading to movement of the cochlear inner hair cells and thus hearing.
Malleus - ANS-receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmits this to
the incus
Incus - ANS-receives vibrations from the malleus, to which it is connected laterally, and
transmits these to the stapes medially.
Stapes - ANS-transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the oval window, a
membrane-covered opening to the inner ear. The stapes is also stabilized by the
stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve.
sensorineural hearing loss - ANS-hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's
receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
Cochlea - ANS-a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound
waves trigger nerve impulses
Organ of Corti - ANS-Center part of the cochlea, containing hair cells, canals, and
membranes
- sensory organ of hearing, composed of hair cells, energy from the cochlea causes the
basilar membrane to vibrate, bending the hair cells, and generate AP. Contains the hair
cells and tectorial membrane
Basilar membrane - ANS-A structure that runs the length of the cochlea in the inner ear
and holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells.
# of inner hair cells - ANS-3,500
Inner hair cell functions - ANS-sensory function: sends information to the brain
# of outer hair cells - ANS-15,000
Outer hair cell function - ANS-cochlear amplifier: amplify the IHC signal by moving the
basilar membrane, sends some information to the brain
3 chambers of the cochlea - ANS-1. scala vestibuli
