Pearson Biology Challenge Exam Questions with Correct Answers

1. The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzyme are referred to as - Anssticky ends 2. What information cannot be obtained from the sequence of a gene? - Answhether the gene is methylated 3. What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? - Ansa method to amplify a fragment of DNA 4. Comparison of the sequences of the same gene across species can give some insight into the existence of a common ancestor with that gene. - Anstrue 5. The Taq enzyme is a type of DNA polymerase that allows researchers to separate the DNA strands during the annealing step of the PCR cycle without destroying the polymerase. - Ansfalse: require or the denaturation step of PCR 6. How many DNA molecules would there be after four rounds of PCR if the initial reaction mixture contains two molecules? - Ans32 7. During which step in the PCR cycle are nucleotides used? - Ansextension 8. During which step in the PCR cycle do primers form bonds with a single-stranded template? - Ansannealing 9. How could they obtain sufficient DNA from a tiny sample for an analysis of the ancient human's genes? - Ansuse the polymerase chain reaction 10. cDNA is synthesized from what molecule using an enzyme known as what? - AnsmRNa reverse transcriptase 11. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of what characteristic? - Anslength 12. Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning? - Ansthey are eukaryotic cells 13. Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the following processes? - Ansplasmid and bacterial cell reproduction 14. The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is the run the DNA fragment on a gel. What purpose does this serve? - Ansit separates DNA fragments generated during the sequencing reaction based on one-nucleotide differences in their size 15. The defense claims that DNA evidence using STR analysis with 13 markers is not sufficient to reliably distinguish between people. What do you think? - Ansthe prosecution is right. STR analysis with 13 markers gives a 1 in 10 billion or greater chance that two people will have the same pattern 16. Which mutated protein causes the symptoms of sickle cell disease? - Anshemoglobin 17. Scientists decide to use this technique to treat cystic fibrosis. Which of the following do they do? - Ansuse CRISPR to alter the DNA in patient's cells 18. A second patient has this treatment and it is again declared a success. Which of the following happened? - Ansthe patient started making fetal hemoglobin 19. Which of the following is true regarding CRISPR treatment - Ansit will have no effect on the chance of people having sickle cell disease 20. Which of the following events occurs during the process of translation? - Ansa polypeptide is synthesized 21. in gel electrophoresis DNA molecules migrate from __ to __ ends of the gel - Ansnegative positive 22. In recombinant DNA experiments, what is used to cut pieces of DNA, and what joins the resulting fragments to form recombinant DNA? - Ansrestriction enzyme DNA ligase 23. What technique(s) would the blood lab technicians use in their examination of this tiny, degraded blood sample? - Ansthey would use PCR to amplify the DNA 24. Which of the following problem with animal cloning might result in premature death of the clones? - Ansabnormal gene regulation due to variant 25. What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP)? - Ansto map all the human genes and determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome 26. What is metagenomics - Anssequencing DNA from a group of species from the same ecosystem 27. Which of the following processes is an early step in the whole-genome shotgun approach to sequencing? - Ansbreak genomic DNA at random sites