MCAT REVIEW BIOLOGY CHALLANGE 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

The solvent in which chemical reactions of living cells take place - AnsWater Water is a small polar molecule that can ____ this ability allows it to maintain its liquid cohesive properties - AnsHydrogen Bond Water____s a molecule by surrounding the hydrophillic molecule with the opposite charge ex: Clattracts the positive Hydrogen in water. - Anssolvate Macro-molecules of living cells are broken apart via ____ and are formed together via____ - Anshydrolysis, dehydration synthesis Any biological molecule with a low solubility to water and high solubility to non polar substances - AnsLipid List the major groups of lipids: - AnsFatty Acids, triaglyercerols, phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids, and terpenes. Long chains chains of carbons truncated at open end with a carboxylic acid. - AnsStructure of Fatty Acid Constructed from a three carbon backbone called glycerol which is attached to 3 fatty acids, their function is to store energy. - AnsStructure of Trigleyceol Specialize cells whose cytoplasm contains mainly triglycerides: - AnsAdipocytes Describe the structure of a phospholipid: - AnsGlycerol backbone, polar phosphate, one fatty acid, amphipathic structure. A type of phospholipid that has one or more carbohydrates attached to the 3 carbon glycerol backbone, instead of the phosphate group. - AnsGlycolipid Four fused ring structure, hydrophobic - AnsSteriods Chlyomicrons, VDL, LDL, and HDL are a type of: - AnsLipoprotein, a lipid surronded by phospholipids and apoproteins. Amino acids typically differ from each other only in their ___ - Anssides chains, also called R Built from a chain of amino acids linked together by a peptide bonds, also called polypeptides. - AnsProteins The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called: - AnsPrimary Structure What are the 5 forces that keep the 3-Dimensional Structure? - AnsDisulfides Electrostatic Interactions Hydrogen Bonds Van der Waals Hydrophobic sides Consists of the a-helix and B-pleated sheet and contribute to the conformation of the protein. - AnsSecondary Structure The three dimensional shape of the protein: - AnsTeritarty Sturcture what are the 2 anomers of glucose? - Ansa-glucose and b-glucose The disrupted conformation of the secondary, tertiary, Quaternary structure of a protein: - AnsDenaturing All sugar has been converted to glucose (a six carbon carbohydrate) by the help of the ____ or enterocytes - AnsLiver Startch and cellulose are the main storage form of glucose for____ - AnsPlants! Glycogen - Ansmultibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. What is composed of a 5 carbon sugar (pentose), nitrogenous base and a phosphate group? - AnsNucleotides