HNF 150 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!

1. Identify the main functions of each mineral in the body, deficiency diseases and/or symptoms for eachmineral, best ways to obtain each mineral from food/main food sources: a. Iodine - AnswerFunctions:1. Aids in regulating the BMR2. Needed for synthesis of thyroid hormones: thyroxine and triodothyronine3. Thyroid hormones: Regulate BMR, Macronutrient metabolism, Brain & Nervous System Development, and Growth Deficiency: Goiter, Cretinism Symptoms:1. Goiter - slowed metabolism, feeling cold, depression2. Cretinism - sevre intellectual dsability, loss of hearing and speech, very short statureFood Sources: iodized salt (processed foods), saltwater seafood, seaweed, foods grown in iodine-rich soil, and dairy acid-base balance - Answer-equilibrium between acid and base concentrations in the body fluids aerobic exercise - Answer-sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety allergy - Answer-abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen anaerobic exercise - Answer-intense short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen anaphylactic shock - Answer-A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death. Anemia - Answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total xia nervosa - Answer-an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves Antibodies - Answer-Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents appetite - Answer-the psychological desire for food ATP-PC - Answer-anaerobic- 5-10 seconds of high intensity work (sprints weight lifting) -anaerobic-provides immediate energy to be used-phosphocreatine provides a phosphate to regenerate ATP-important during high intensity/short duration activities Be able to identify the relative importance of BMI and fitness for health, consequences and mortality - Answer-risk of mortality increases as BMI increases, or decreases to below 18 unfit with high BMI increased risk compared to fit with high BMI Be able to identify the requirements during pregnancy in terms of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, folate, calcium, iron, and zinc, i.e., are they higher or the same? - Answer-energy- need to eat more calories during second and third trimester more protein 60g, 50% of cals need to be carbs need to have folate before even pregnant to prevent NTD that can develop early pregnancy need to eat more Ca, Zinc, and MG, iron, Ca and Fe absorption increase 2/3x Be able to state the three components of the body's energy expenditure and how much each contributes to total energy expenditure. - Answer-BMR- sum of total involuntary activates needed to keep body alive except digestion 60-70% psychical activity- intentional activities (walking, biking etc) 25-40% thermic effect of food (TEF)- energy body needs to digest/absorb food 5-10% binge eating disorder - Answer-significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosabioelectrical impedance - Answer-technique to assess body composition by running a weak electrical current through the body BMI (body mass index) - Answer-a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters BMR (basal metabolic rate) - Answer-the rate at which energy is used to keep the body alive when in a rested and fasting state bone density - Answer-Amount of bone tissue in a certain volume of bone breast milk - Answer-provides antibodies to fight diseases